Numerical Analysis of Dry Ice Blasting Convergent-Divergent Supersonic Nozzle

Dzido, Aleksandra; Krawczyk, Piotr; Kurkus-Gruszecka, Michalina

doi:10.3390/en12244787

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Due to the indicated peculiar characteristics, it is often referred to by its common name “dry ice” [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. It is used in material transportation [ 17 , 18 ], surface cleaning [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], and disinfection [ 16 , 25 ], among other uses. However, in the process of crystallization of liquid CO 2 , a fragmented material is obtained [ 26 ], which results in a short sublimation time and low efficiency of its use in, e.g., refrigeration processes [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Model Describing the Influence of Geometrical Parameters of Multichannel Dies on the Limit Force of Dry Ice Extrusion Process

et al. 2020

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The article presents a formulated mathematical model that enables the determination of the required compressive force in the extrusion process of dry ice employing multichannel dies. This is the main parameter in the piston-based dry ice extrusion process. The indicated model was developed for the purpose of further improvement of the energy efficiency of this extrusion process. It allows for the determination of the value of compressive force by accounting for 12 variables related to the geometrical parameters of the die and the physical characteristics of dry ice. Furthermore, the paper also provides descriptions of the empirical study methodologies together with the results. These were carried out in order to determine the difference between the results of mathematical modeling and actual measurement results. The final part of the article presents the results of the analysis of the mathematical model’s sensitivity to the change of the physical characteristics of dry ice. The formulated tool may be employed to adapt the geometric parameters of the die in order to obtain the desired compressive force value and dry ice granulation with reduced energy consumption.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Model Describing the Influence of Geometrical Parameters of Multichannel Dies on the Limit Force of Dry Ice Extrusion Process

et al. 2020

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“…This equation requires the implementation of additional functional relationships between Reynolds stresses or effective coefficients, and averaged field parameters determined by the turbulence model. Models most commonly used for this purpose are k-ε and k-ω models (both with certain modifications) [25][26][27]. The majority of turbulent flow descriptions can successfully apply the standard k-ε model.…”

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Hydrodynamic Disintegrator Adjusted to Agricultural Substrates Pre-treatment Aimed at Methane Production Intensification—CFD Modelling and Batch Tests

et al. 2020

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The study objective was to adjust the hydrodynamic disintegrator dedicated to sewage sludge pre-treatment (HDS) to work with agricultural substrate. This involved the development and implementation of a mathematical model of flow via the device’s domain. An innovative disintegrator (HAD—hydrodynamic disintegrator for agriculture) was designed, built, and tested based on the obtained results. The main improvements to the HDS include the implementation of shredding knives in order to overcome clogging by crushed substrate, and the application of ribs in the recirculation zone, contributing to the development of an additional structure damage zone. The challenge of this study was also to determine the operating parameters of the HDA that would provide for an increase in methane production with positive energy balance. The testing procedures, for which maize silage was selected, involved batch disintegration tests and biochemical methane potential tests. No clogging of rotor or spontaneous shutting off of the device, in other words, problems that had occurred in the HDS, were observed. The applied pre-treatment method permitted an increase in the methane potential of maize silage by 34.4%, 27.0%, and 21.6%, respectively for samples disintegrated at energy densities of 10 kJ/L, 20 kJ/L, and 35 kJ/L with net energy profit.

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“…The SST k-ω model combines the virtues between the standard k-ω in the boundary layer and the k-ε model in the core-flow region [17,42]. Thereby, the SST k-ω model is valid for complex flow with turbulent shear transportation, which obtains highly accurate predictions of the flow separation under adverse pressure gradients [43,44]. Thus, all numerical simulations apply the SST k-ω model to study the compound cooling flow and heat transfer characteristics.…”

Section: Mesh Generation and Grid Independence Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of A Swirl with Impingement Compound Cooling Unit for A Gas Turbine Blade Leading Edge

et al. 2020

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In this article, a compound unit of swirl and impingement cooling techniques is designed to study the performance of flow and heat transfer using multi-conical nozzles in a leading-edge of a gas turbine blade. Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the Shear Stress Transport model are numerically solved under different nozzle Reynolds numbers and temperature ratios. Results indicated that the compound cooling unit could achieve a 99.7% increase in heat transfer enhancement by increasing the nozzle Reynolds number from 10,000 to 25,000 at a constant temperature ratio. Also, there is an 11% increase in the overall Nusselt number when the temperature ratio increases from 0.65 to 0.95 at identical nozzle Reynolds number. At 10,000 and 15,000 of nozzle Reynolds numbers, the compound cooling unit achieves 47.9% and 39.8% increases and 63.5% and 66.3% increases in the overall Nusselt number comparing with the available experimental swirl and impingement models, respectively. A correlation for the overall Nusselt number is derived as a function of nozzle Reynolds number and temperature ratio to optimize the results. The current study concluded that the extremely high zones and uniform distribution of heat transfer are perfectly achieved with regard to the characteristics of heat transfer of the compound cooling unit.

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Numerical Analysis of Dry Ice Blasting Convergent-Divergent Supersonic Nozzle

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Mathematical Model Describing the Influence of Geometrical Parameters of Multichannel Dies on the Limit Force of Dry Ice Extrusion Process

Mathematical Model Describing the Influence of Geometrical Parameters of Multichannel Dies on the Limit Force of Dry Ice Extrusion Process

Innovative Hydrodynamic Disintegrator Adjusted to Agricultural Substrates Pre-treatment Aimed at Methane Production Intensification—CFD Modelling and Batch Tests

Optimization of A Swirl with Impingement Compound Cooling Unit for A Gas Turbine Blade Leading Edge

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