Numbers, Diversity, and Phenology of Spiders (Araneae) Overwintering in Cardboard Bands Placed in Pear and Apple Orchards of Central Washington

Horton, David; Miliczky, Eugene; Broers, Debra A.; Lewis, Richard; Calkins, C. O.

doi:10.1603/0013-8746(2001)094[0405:ndapos]2.0.co;2

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Cardboard traps are classically used to assess spider communities overwintering in orchards (Bogya, Szinetar, & Marko, 1999;Miliczky, Horton, & Calkins, 2008;Pekar, 1999) but do not provide information on which spiders are active during winter. Only the removal of temporary (dynamic) cardboard traps can provide this information (Horton et al, 2001). Hierarchical ascending classification applied to the PCA projections of the spiders found in our traps showed that spider communities changed through time but was limited to the dominant species from September to May This resulted in a clear distinction of three temporal groups (with mid-November and March as thresholds), hereafter called seasons.…”

Section: Many Spiders Are Active During the Mediterranean Wintermentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Thus spiders present in the trees (trunk and canopy) between the return of winged aphids on apple trees in autumn (October) and the development of aphid colonies in spring (April) were targeted. Following the protocol of Horton et al (2001), we used corrugated cardboard traps (single-fluted) but with two sampling strategies. Traps (10 cm wide and 50 cm long) completely encircled the trunk of each tree in the orchard at the end of August using adhesive tape at a height of about 50 cm height.…”

Section: Sampling Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once the possible roles for spiders in pest biocontrol in winter are recognised, then the species which are active during this period and in early spring need to be determined. A seminal study by Horton, Miliczky, Broers, Lewis, and Calkins (2001) showed that in the state of Washington (US) spiders were mobile until the end of November in apple and pear orchards. Pekar et al (2015) provided further evidence for central Europe and suggested that Philodromus sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal activity of spiders and earwigs during winter in apple trees under a Mediterranean climate

Belkair

Mazzia

Pasquet

et al. 2018

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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It is well known that spiders are present in high numbers in orchards and may contribute to biocontrol. Some recent studies in central Europe further showed that some spiders are active year-round and consume pests even in winter. Using cardboard traps laid every two weeks, we carried out a survey to determine which spider and earwig species are active from September to May in an experimental, pesticide-free, apple orchard under a Mediterranean climate. We observed that spider activity was never completely absent. The structure of the spider communities showed a marked seasonality in three periods (so-called 'autumn', 'winter' and 'spring'). Only two spider genera, Philodromus and Trachelas, were highly active in winter (percentage of catches during this season above 40%) and six others (Lathys, Clubiona, Gnaphosa, Theridion, Phrurolithus) had moderate activity (between 20 and 40%). The two earwig species had different patterns of winter activity with Forficula auricularia almost absent whereas F. pubescens was moderately active on trees. Spider community abundance, diversity and evenness significantly decreased between autumn and winter and remained low in the following spring probably because the attractiveness of the traps is much lower at this time of year due to mild temperatures and the presence of leaves on the trees. Winter-active spiders could contribute to pest biocontrol during the cold season and we advocate that the use of broadspectrum pesticides at the end of winter, as classically applied in orchards, may be counter-productive for pest control. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Many Spiders Are Active During the Mediterranean Wintermentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Sampling Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal activity of spiders and earwigs during winter in apple trees under a Mediterranean climate

Belkair

Mazzia

Pasquet

et al. 2018

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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“…Natural enemies from non‐crop host plants may disperse into and attack pests in crops,14, 15 and, for perennial crops like apples and pears, natural enemies may overwinter in the crop 16. Planting an alternative crop or non‐crop plant species (banker plants) near the target crop can increase the local abundance of natural enemies by providing alternative hosts, shelter or food for adult wasps 11.…”

Section: Conservation Biocontrolmentioning

confidence: 99%

United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service research on biological control of arthropods

Hopper

2003

Pest Management Science

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During 1999-2001, ARS scientists published over 100 papers on more than 30 species of insect pest and 60 species of predator and parasitoid. These papers address issues crucial to the three strategies of biological control: conservation, augmentation and introduction. Conservation biological control includes both conserving extant populations of natural enemies by using relatively non-toxic pesticides and increasing the abundance of natural enemies in crops by providing or improving refuges for population growth and dispersal into crops. ARS scientists have been very active in determining the effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods and in studying movement of natural enemies from refuges into crops. Augmentation involves repeated releases of natural enemies in the field, which can be inoculative or inundative. Inoculative releases are used to initiate self-propagating populations at times or in places where they would be slow to colonize. ARS scientists have studied augmentative biological control of a variety of pest insects. The targets are mostly pests in annual crops or other ephemeral habitats, where self-reproducing populations of natural enemies are not sufficiently abundant early enough to keep pest populations in check. ARS research in augmentative biological control centers on methods for rearing large numbers of healthy, effective natural enemies and for releasing them where and when they are needed at a cost less than the value of the reduction in damage to the crop. ARS scientists have researched various aspects of introductions of exotic biological control agents against a diversity of pest insects. The major issues in biological control introductions are accurate identification and adequate systematics of both natural enemies and target pests, exploration for natural enemies, predicting the success of candidates for introduction and the likelihood of non-target impacts, quarantine and rearing methods, and post-introduction evaluation of establishment, control and non-target impacts. ARS scientists have published research on several general issues in biological control. Among the most important are the mechanisms affecting mate- and host-finding and host specificity.

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“…Particularly, these microhabitat conditions are maintained in agroecosystems by agricultural interventions (e.g. chemical treatment, management methods) which can interfere with many epigeic and even foliage spiders (Ysnel & Canard, 2000;Bajwa & Niazee, 2001;Horton et al, 2001;Pekár, 1999;Pekár & Kocourek, 2004;Hanna & Hanna, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Representatives of Spider Families (Arachnida: Araneae) in Experimental Plots of Physic Nut Plantations (Jatropha curcas L.) in Kampaeng Saen Campus of Kasetsart University, Thailand

Košulič¹,

Vichitbandha²

2015

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun.

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This paper makes a faunistic contribution to knowledge of the spider family composition in the experimental research plots of Kasetsart University in Thailand (Kampaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom province). Spider families were investigated both on the foliage and on the ground in physic nut plantations (Jatropha curcas L.). Ground dwelling spiders were collected by pitfall traps while foliage spiders were sampled by sweeping and hand collecting. In total, 655 spider specimens were collected and identifi ed as belonging to 17 families. The dominant ground dwelling spider families were Lycosidae (50, 1%) and Gnaphosidae (5, 3%) while the dominant foliage spider families were Oxyopidae (14, 4%) and Salticidae (8, 4%). We found that signifi cant determinant of spider diversity and abundance was vegetation and foliage coverage which aff ect number of spider families throughout the investigated area.

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Numbers, Diversity, and Phenology of Spiders (Araneae) Overwintering in Cardboard Bands Placed in Pear and Apple Orchards of Central Washington

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Temporal activity of spiders and earwigs during winter in apple trees under a Mediterranean climate

Temporal activity of spiders and earwigs during winter in apple trees under a Mediterranean climate

United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service research on biological control of arthropods

Representatives of Spider Families (Arachnida: Araneae) in Experimental Plots of Physic Nut Plantations (Jatropha curcas L.) in Kampaeng Saen Campus of Kasetsart University, Thailand

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