Number of tunable wavelength converters and internal wavelengths needed for cost‐effective design of asynchronous optical packet switching system with shared or output fibre delay line buffer

Lim, Huhnkuk

doi:10.1049/iet-com.2012.0754

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The image pixels are shifted through the line buffers [7] that create a delay line. These delay lines feed the filter array simultaneously.…”

Section: The Fpga Implementation Of Classified Hough Transformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time Classified Hough Transform Line Detection Based on FPGA

Wang¹,

Tan²,

Zhou³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 2015 5th International Conference on Computer Sciences and Automation Engineering

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Hough Transform (HT) is a popular tool for line detection due to its robustness to noise and missing data. This paper proposes a classified Hough Transform (CHT)to achieve real-time line detection on one kind of hardware circuit called FPGA. It makes full use of the gradient information calculated in the edge detection stage compared with other Hough Transforms.Theresults show that the proposed hardware algorithm is feasible. Asthe classified Hough Transform is divided into two independent parts according to gradient, every edge pixel is substituted into a single calculation formula, it accelerates computation with the same accuracy.

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“…The image pixels are shifted through the line buffers [7] that create a delay line. These delay lines feed the filter array simultaneously.…”

Section: The Fpga Implementation Of Classified Hough Transformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time Classified Hough Transform Line Detection Based on FPGA

Wang¹,

Tan²,

Zhou³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 2015 5th International Conference on Computer Sciences and Automation Engineering

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“…When conflicts come into existence, resolution algorithms based on optical buffering take action. Buffering management at the core codes deals with packets that simultaneously compete to obtain the same resource [7][8][9][10][11][12]. The goal of packet buffering is to reduce the packet loss to the lowest possible level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the OPS network will experience less packet-dropping, GMPLS with conflict resolution can support the development of future OPS networks. Optical buffering schemes can be generally boiled down to three categories: fiber delay line [7,8], wavelength conversion [9,10], and code-switching [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Level Buffering Services Based on Optical Packet Encoding of Composite Maximal-Length Sequences in a GMPLS Network

Chen

Hong

2020

Applied Sciences

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Generalized multi-protocol label-switching (GMPLS) provides packet-switching with multiple speeds and quality-of-services (QoSs). Packet buffering in GMPLS reduces packet loss by resolving the conflicts between packets requesting for a common channel. Presently, due to the diversity of multimedia applications, enabling multiple services in networks has become necessary. In this paper, a family of codes known as composite maximal-length sequence (CMLS) codes is introduced into an optical buffering scheme based on code-switching. A given number of available CMLS codes is divided into several code subsets. The buffer selects an unused CMLS code from a code subset and assigns it to the incoming packet. When all codes in a specific subset have been distributed to the queued packets, a free CMLS code in another subset is chosen for the new arrival. To achieve multi-level buffering services, the partition scenario with a lower subset number but with a higher number of codes in an individual subset is used as a code-assigning method for buffering high-QoS users. A two-level buffering system is demonstrated by examining the QoS of each class in terms of packet-dropping probability (PDP). The results show that different levels of PDPs can be effectively supported by a common buffer architecture.

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“…Electrical buffering schemes, such as random access memory (RAM), have yet to be maturely implemented in the optical domain [4,5]. Optical memory is proposed to avoid signal collision and increase switching efficiency [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. There are three primary methods: time-domain contention resolution [6][7][8], wavelength routing [9][10][11], and code conversion [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Code Keying and Code Conversion for Optical Buffer Design in Optical Packet Switching Networks

Chen

2019

Electronics

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Buffering management is a crucial function in current optical packet switching (OPS) networks. To avoid packet blocking due to competition for the same switched path, optical buffering is required to queue packets after a router makes the forwarding decision. In this paper, the author proposed a buffering scheme based on optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA), where each packet is encoded with an optical signature code. An optical coding technique combining spectral-amplitude coding (SAC) and two-code keying (TCK) is introduced to advance the buffering performance regarding packet loss probability. In TCK, the payload bits “1” and “0” of a stored packet are respectively converted to a SAC signal and its complementarity. As the Hamming distance between the coding signals of bits “1” and “0” is extended, the existing drawback that the OCDMA-based buffer capacity is limited by the decoder noise increased with the number of queued SAC packets is resolved. Moreover, an encoder consisting of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) array is applied for simplifying the system design. A SAC signal and its complementary counterpart can be generated simultaneously without the need of an extra encoder.

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Number of tunable wavelength converters and internal wavelengths needed for cost‐effective design of asynchronous optical packet switching system with shared or output fibre delay line buffer

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Real-time Classified Hough Transform Line Detection Based on FPGA

Real-time Classified Hough Transform Line Detection Based on FPGA

Multi-Level Buffering Services Based on Optical Packet Encoding of Composite Maximal-Length Sequences in a GMPLS Network

Two-Code Keying and Code Conversion for Optical Buffer Design in Optical Packet Switching Networks

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