Number Needed to Benefit From Information (NNBI): Proposal From a Mixed Methods Research Study With Practicing Family Physicians

Pluye, Pierre; Grad, Roland; Johnson‐Lafleur, Janique; Granikov, Vera; Shulha, Michael; Marlow, Bernard; Ricarte, Ivan Luiz Marques

doi:10.1370/afm.1565

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…This suggested an NNBI of seven. In another study, we tracked and assessed searches in one knowledge resource (Essential Evidence Plus) by 41 practicing family physicians over 3 months (Pluye et al., ). Of 715 searches directly linked to a patient, 53 (7.4%) were associated with patient health benefits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four levels of outcomes of information‐seeking: A mixed methods study in primary health care

Pluye

Grad

Repchinsky

et al. 2012

J Am Soc Inf Sci Tec

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Primary health care practitioners routinely search for information within electronic knowledge resources. We proposed four levels of outcomes of informationseeking: situational relevance, cognitive impact, information use, and patient health outcomes. Our objective was to produce clinical vignettes for describing and testing these levels. We conducted a mixed methods study combining a quantitative longitudinal study and a qualitative multiple case study. Participants were 10 nurses, 10 medical residents, and 10 pharmacists. They had access to an online resource, and did 793 searches for treatment recommendations. Using the Information Assessment Method (IAM), participants rated their searches for each of the four levels. Rated searches were examined in interviews guided by log reports and a think-aloud protocol. Cases were defined as clearly described searches where clinical information was used for a specific patient. For each case, interviewees described the four levels of outcomes. Quantitative and qualitative data were merged into clinical vignettes. We produced 130 clinical vignettes. Specifically, 46 vignettes (35.4%) corresponded to clinical situations where information use was associated with one or more than one type of positive patient health outcome: increased patient knowledge (n = 28), avoidance of unnecessary or inappropriate intervention (n = 25), prevention of disease or health deterioration (n = 9), health improvement (n = 6), and increased patient satisfaction (n = 3). Results suggested information use was associated with perceived benefits for patients. This may encourage clinicians to search for information more often when they feel the need. Results supported the four proposed levels of outcomes, which can be transferable to other information-seeking contexts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four levels of outcomes of information‐seeking: A mixed methods study in primary health care

Pluye

Grad

Repchinsky

et al. 2012

J Am Soc Inf Sci Tec

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“…Researchers have used the mixed methods approach to examine nuanced topics, such as electronic personal health records, 3 knowledge resources, 4 patientphysician communication, 5 and insight about intervention feasibility and implementation practices. 6 Mixed methods research is the collection and analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data and its integration, drawing on the strengths of both approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Results in Health Science Mixed Methods Research Through Joint Displays

Guetterman

Fetters

Creswell

2015

The Annals of Family Medicine

953

769

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PURPOSE Mixed methods research is becoming an important methodology to investigate complex health-related topics, yet the meaningful integration of qualitative and quantitative data remains elusive and needs further development. A promising innovation to facilitate integration is the use of visual joint displays that bring data together visually to draw out new insights. The purpose of this study was to identify exemplar joint displays by analyzing the various types of joint displays being used in published articles. METHODSWe searched for empirical articles that included joint displays in 3 journals that publish state-of-the-art mixed methods research. We analyzed each of 19 identified joint displays to extract the type of display, mixed methods design, purpose, rationale, qualitative and quantitative data sources, integration approaches, and analytic strategies. Our analysis focused on what each display communicated and its representation of mixed methods analysis. RESULTSThe most prevalent types of joint displays were statistics-by-themes and side-by-side comparisons. Innovative joint displays connected findings to theoretical frameworks or recommendations. Researchers used joint displays for convergent, explanatory sequential, exploratory sequential, and intervention designs. We identified exemplars for each of these designs by analyzing the inferences gained through using the joint display. Exemplars represented mixed methods integration, presented integrated results, and yielded new insights.CONCLUSIONS Joint displays appear to provide a structure to discuss the integrated analysis and assist both researchers and readers in understanding how mixed methods provides new insights. We encourage researchers to use joint displays to integrate and represent mixed methods analysis and discuss their value. INTRODUCTIONM ixed methods research increasingly is being used as a methodology in the health sciences 1,2 to gain a more complete understanding of issues and hear the voices of participants. Researchers have used the mixed methods approach to examine nuanced topics, such as electronic personal health records, 3 knowledge resources, 4 patientphysician communication, 5 and insight about intervention feasibility and implementation practices. 6 Mixed methods research is the collection and analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data and its integration, drawing on the strengths of both approaches. 7,8 We examined joint displays as a way to represent and facilitate integration of qualitative and quantitative data in mixed methods studies. IntegrationIncreasingly, methodologists have emphasized the integration of qualitative and quantitative data as the centerpiece of mixed methods.9 Integration is an intentional process by which the researcher brings quantitative and qualitative approaches together in a study. 7 Quantitative and qualitative data then become interdependent in addressing common research 10 Meaningful integration allows researchers to realize the true benefits of mixed methods to "produce...

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“…This suggests the number of searches needed to benefit a patient is 14 (715/53). 10 Tablet availability in a physician office can only enhance patient health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

iPad Use in Iowa Research Network Family Physician Offices

Daly

Levy

2014

J Prim Care Community Health

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Background Through a cancer research infrastructure building grant, iPads were given to healthcare providers in family physician offices. The purpose of this study was to determine the use and application of iPads in the Iowa Research Network. Methods A Qualtrics survey was sent to 81 iPad recipients after Institutional Review Board approval. Results Fifty-nine percent responded and 85% reported they have used the iPad. The main reason for use of the iPad was browsing the World Wide Web for healthcare information. Open-ended comments supported use of the iPad for photographic documentation of wound and other skin lesions for insertion into the medical record and it helped improve clinic flow by making it easier to put orders in the system through the iPad. Conclusions Tablet uses are variable in physician offices with provider’s gathering health care information from the Internet and securing education material for patients as the frequent usages.

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Number Needed to Benefit From Information (NNBI): Proposal From a Mixed Methods Research Study With Practicing Family Physicians

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

Four levels of outcomes of information‐seeking: A mixed methods study in primary health care

Four levels of outcomes of information‐seeking: A mixed methods study in primary health care

Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Results in Health Science Mixed Methods Research Through Joint Displays

iPad Use in Iowa Research Network Family Physician Offices

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