Number and position of wounds on honey bee (Apis mellifera) pupae infested with a single Varroa mite

Kanbar, Ghazwan; Engels, Wolf

doi:10.14411/eje.2004.041

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…In this study, most of the mites inflicted wounds on the abdomen of the pupa, specifically on the 2nd abdominal segment, mostly on the left side. According to Kanbar and Engels (2004b), on pupae many of the wounds are on the 2nd abdominal segment, indicating that the female mite has a preferred feeding site. According to Kanbar and Engels (2004b), in honey bee pupae the sternite of the 2nd abdominal segment is somewhat stretched over an underlying large haemocoelic cavity.…”

Section: Position Of the Wound On The Pupal Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Kanbar and Engels (2004b), on pupae many of the wounds are on the 2nd abdominal segment, indicating that the female mite has a preferred feeding site. According to Kanbar and Engels (2004b), in honey bee pupae the sternite of the 2nd abdominal segment is somewhat stretched over an underlying large haemocoelic cavity. On 16.3% of the pupae the wounds were located on the thorax.…”

Section: Position Of the Wound On The Pupal Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavior of varroa mites in worker brood cells of Africanized honey bees

et al. 2009

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The ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor is currently the most important pest of the honey bee, Apis mellifera. Because mite reproduction occurs within the sealed cell, the direct observation of varroa activity inside the cell is difficult. A video observation method using transparent polystyrol cells containing infested brood was used to analyze the behavior of varroa mites in worker brood of Africanized honey bees. We recorded how mites feed on the larva and pupa, construct a fecal accumulation site and how the bee larva carried out some longitudinal movements around the cell. The feeding activity of the foundress mite varies during the course of the cycle. On the prepupa mites were found to feed often (0.3 +/- 0.2 bouts h(-1)) for a period of 8.7 +/- 8.4 min h(-1) and there was no preference for a specific segment as feeding site. On the opposite, during the pupal stage mites fed less often (0.1 +/- 0.1 bouts h(-1)) for a period of 6.2 +/- 4.0 min h(-1) and almost always at a particular site (92.4%). On pupa, 83.7% of the feeding was on the 2nd abdominal segment (n = 92), and only few perforations were found on the thorax. Varroa shows a preference for defecation in the posterior part of the cell (cell apex), close to the bee's anal zone. We found a high correlation between the position of the feeding site on the pupa and the position of the fecal accumulation on the cell wall. Most infested cells have only one fecal accumulation site and it was the favorite resting site for the mite, where it spent 24.3 +/- 3.9 min h(-1). Longitudinal displacements were observed in 28.0% (n = 25) of the analyzed bee larvae. Turning movements around the cell, from the bottom to the top, were carried out by these larvae, mainly during the second day (47.7 +/- 22.5 min h(-1)), just before pupation, with a total time of 874.9 +/- 262.2 min day(-1) (n = 7 individuals). These results in worker brood of Africanized bees demonstrate adaptations of varroa mites to parasitizing the developing bee inside the capped brood cells.

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Section: Position Of the Wound On The Pupal Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Position Of the Wound On The Pupal Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of varroa mites in worker brood cells of Africanized honey bees

et al. 2009

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“…Artificial punctures were performed 0.3 mm deep with sterilised minute needles φ 50 µm. The pupae were perforated at sites also punctured by female mites, the thorax and in particular the 2nd abdominal sternite (Kanbar and Engels, 2004b). Vital staining with 0.01% trypan blue solution in insect ringer (5.0 g NaCl, 0.42 g KCl, 0.25 g CaCl 2 in 1 L of distilled water adjusted to pH 6.8 with 0.1 molar KOH) was performed for 30 min at 35°C, followed by rinsing the pupae in ringer (modified after Kanbar and Engels, 2004a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perhaps the thoracic muscles were not as much harmed as the internal organs of the abdomen, because a large haemocoel is located under the first sternites. Of note is that Varroa mites puncture the bee pupae preferentially on the 2nd abdominal sternite (Kanbar and Engels, 2004b).…”

Section: Factors Affecting Pupal Survival In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…whereas at least under natural conditions in the sealed brood cell, the perforations are used repeatedly by the mites for sucking of haemolymph (Donzé and Guerin, 1994) by which the scar forming process is delayed until prior to the adult eclosion of the host bee (Kanbar and Engels, 2003). This situation presumably allows the transfer of pathogens from the mite to the pupal bee (Kanbar and Engels, 2004b).…”

Section: Varroa-made Versus Needle Punctured Woundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival of honey bee (Apis mellifera) pupae after trypan blue staining of wounds caused by Varroa destructor mites or artificial perforation

2005

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-The recently described technique of vital staining with trypan blue to visualise pupal wounds of honey bees, originating from punctures made by Varroa destructor mites, was applied to artificial perforations performed with a fine needle. The stained pupae were subsequently reared in vitro until eclosion of the adult bees. Their mortality was recorded daily. The survival of the treated pupae was only moderately affected by the staining procedure. No obvious toxic effects caused by the compound trypan blue were observed. The process of wound healing was normal. Pupae with previously trypan blue stained integumental wounds can therefore be used for long lasting experiments. This is of particular interest for future studies on the assumed vector function of Varroa mites in the transfer of bacterial and viral pathogens in honey bee diseases.Apis mellifera / Varroa destructor / pupal wounds / vital staining / trypan blue / survival

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Observation of Varroa destructor behavior in capped worker brood of Africanized honey bees

Calderón¹,

Chaves

Sánchez³

et al. 2012

Exp Appl Acarol

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The behavioral activity of Varroa destructor was observed using transparent cells. Mite oviposition started at 45.0 ± 25.0 h post capping, followed by the next eggs laid at regular 27.3 ± 2.0 h intervals. On the prepupa, mites were found to feed often and there was no preference for a specific segment as a feeding site. During the pupal stage the mite fed less often and almost always at the same point. Varroa showed a preference for defecation in the posterior part of the cell. A significant association was observed between the position of the feeding point in the pupa and the defecation site on the cell wall. Displacement behavior was observed in 71 % of the infested bee larvae and a major change in the free space available for varroa in the cell occurred when the prepupa molted into a pupa.

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Number and position of wounds on honey bee (Apis mellifera) pupae infested with a single Varroa mite

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Behavior of varroa mites in worker brood cells of Africanized honey bees

Behavior of varroa mites in worker brood cells of Africanized honey bees

Survival of honey bee (Apis mellifera) pupae after trypan blue staining of wounds caused by Varroa destructor mites or artificial perforation

Observation of Varroa destructor behavior in capped worker brood of Africanized honey bees

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