Null sex differences in general intelligence among elderly

Gender differences in latent cognitive abilities and education links with g in Italian elders

“…Comparing the strict invariance model with the partial scalar model, we obtained a value of ΔCFI lower than −.01 (−.008). Therefore, the measurement invariance of g and the first-order factors (VC, PO and M/FD) was confirmed (Saggino et al, 2014), indicating that the WAIS-R structure was equivalent between men and women in this sample of older Italian adults. Fig.…”

“…Previous research confirmed the measurement invariance in g between males and females (Saggino et al, 2014). However the invariance of first-order factors of intelligence (VC, PO, and M/FD) was not tested.…”

“…Furthermore, general intelligence is generally positively correlated with brain size, and men tend to have larger brains (McDaniel, 2005;Rushton & Ankney, 2009). In contrast, other researchers found no significant gender difference in general intelligence (e.g., Burgaleta et al, 2012;Colom, García, Juan-Espinosa, & Abad, 2002;Colom, Juan-Espinosa, Abad, & García, 2000;Crawford et al, 1995;Flynn & Rossi-Casé, 2011;Halpern & LaMay, 2000;Jensen, 1998;Saggino et al, 2014). Specific gender differences have been more evident for some latent cognitive factors, for example, superior working memory (WM) and PO factor scores for men .…”

“…To apply confirmatory factor analyses to different hierarchical formative models (Bollen & Lennox, 1991;Diamantopoulos, Riefler, & Roth, 2008) to identify the model which has the best goodness-of-fit-to data from the Italian standardization sample for old age of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (Orsini & Laicardi, 2003); 2. To test with a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis the measurement invariance between males and females in relation to the effects of g and first-order factors of intelligence on WAIS-R subtests (Saggino et al, 2014); 3. To test the effect of the exogenous variable education on g for both males and females with a multiple indicators multiple causes model (Keith, Reynolds, Patel, & Ridley, 2008).…”

Sex differences across different racial ability levels: Theories of origin and societal consequences

“…Moreover, not all analytic methods are equals in power to identifying the small adult sex difference (Nyborg, 2005). Saggino et al (2014) thus found a genuine 7 IQ points (Full Scale WAIS-R) sex advantage in elderly males, but an ensuing Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis of these same data entirely missed this large difference. Apparently, some of the sophisticated multivariate statistical approaches lack the statistical power to detect small differences, such as sex as compared to race differences, and reports using them add to confusion.…”