Nudge for Good? Choice Defaults and Spillover Effects

Ghesla, Claus; Grieder, Manuel; Schmitz, Jan

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00178

Cited by 50 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The lack of spillover following default interventions converges with recent findings relying on a paradigm from behavioral economics, the dictator game. These studies find default effects on pro‐social giving, but effects vanish with the removal of the defaults (D'Adda, Capraro, & Tavoni, 2017; Ghesla, Grieder, & Schmitz, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic defaults in online‐shopping: Immediate effects but no spillover to similar choices

Kuhn

Ihmels

Kutzner

2020

J of Consumer Behaviour

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Changing defaults—the preselection that becomes effective without active choice—is becoming a prominent policy tool, after having been proven to be effective in areas as varied as retirement savings, organ donation and product customization. Yet, little is known about how default effects spill over to subsequent similar behaviors. In an online shopping scenario, we found standard default effects on the share of organically produced products in the overall selection of products. These effects did not spill over to subsequent active shopping choices. This was true for defaults that were hard and easy to change (Exp. 1, N = 90), for immediate and delayed subsequent choices (Exp. 2, N = 106) and for self‐selected defaults (Exp. 3, N = 181). These findings suggest that the reach and scalability of default manipulations in policy making may be limited, but also speak against the possibility for negative spillover.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic defaults in online‐shopping: Immediate effects but no spillover to similar choices

Kuhn

Ihmels

Kutzner

2020

J of Consumer Behaviour

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“…Specifically, we focus on key elements including supply side confidence [ 3 ], vaccine brand promotion strategy [ 4 , 5 ], service marketing [ 6 ], and competition (i.e., the promotion of unproven alternatives to vaccination) [ 7 ]. We recommend a demand creation strategy for COVID-19 vaccination based on a combined approach of building a positive brand identity for vaccination behavior together with the use of proven behavioral sciences approaches (e.g., nudges) [ 8 , 9 ] combined with strategic social marketing planning. Success will also be dependent on the brand characteristics and brand equity of the vaccine products themselves, which differ and have received varying levels of coverage both positive and negative in traditional news and social media [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demand Creation for COVID-19 Vaccination: Overcoming Vaccine Hesitancy through Social Marketing

Evans

French²

2021

Vaccines

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The COVID-19 pandemic has led to millions of deaths and tested the capabilities of the medical and public health systems worldwide. Over the next two years as more approved vaccines are made available and supply meets or exceeds demand, medical and public health professionals will increasingly be faced with the challenge of vaccine hesitancy. There is an urgent need to create demand in groups that are either uninformed, vaccine hesitant, or actively resistant to COVID-19 vaccination. This study reviews theory, evidence, and practice recommendations to develop a vaccine demand creation strategy that has wide applicability. Specifically, we focus on key elements including supply side confidence, vaccine brand promotion strategy, service marketing as it relates to vaccine distribution, and competition strategy. We present evidence that these strategies can make a significant contribution to overcoming COVID-19 hesitancy in a high supply scenario. The paper also makes recommendations about factors that need to be considered in relation to vaccine delivery services and systems that, if done badly, may reduce uptake or result in the creation of more vaccine hesitancy. In summary, there is a need for well researched and tested demand creation strategies that integrate with brand strategy, supply side, and service delivery.

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“…As displayed in Table 1, articles needed to include human participants and adopt an experimental, quasi-experimental, or naturalexperimental design with a control (no intervention) or comparison (alternative intervention) condition, as such robust designs allow valid conclusions about spillover effects (Galizzi & Whitmarsh, 2019). Articles were required to have implemented an intervention (e.g., policy or experimental manipulation) that significantly increased the targeted sustainable intention or behavior (Ghesla et al, 2019). Regarding outcomes, articles were only included when they assessed spillover on at least one sustainable intention or self-reported or objective behavior.…”

Section: Meta-analytic Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

More Green Than Gray? Toward a Sustainable Overview of Environmental Spillover Effects: A Bayesian Meta-Analysis (Postprint)

Geiger¹,

Brick²,

Nalborczyk³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Climate change represents a major global challenge. Responding to climate change, interventions have been implemented to encourage sustainable behavior. Such interventions may not only promote the target behavior but also increase (positive spillover) or reduce (negative spillover) non-targeted sustainable intentions and behaviors. This pre-registered meta-analysis integrated the experimental research on environmental spillover. Database searches in several languages supplemented by searches to retrieve unpublished literature yielded 61 aggregated effect sizes from 37 studies and 28 articles (N = 26,749 unique participants). The three-level Bayesian meta-analysis provided moderate support for a small positive spillover on intentions, δ = 0.14, 95% CrI [-0.02, 0.29], and strong support for no spillover on behaviors, δ = 0. Moderator analyses showed that positive spillover on intentions and behaviors combined was more likely when interventions thwarted rather than preserved individual choice, and when they addressed normative rather than personal gain goals. Spillover on intentions and behaviors combined was similar in laboratory, online, and field studies, supporting generalizability across settings. Based on this meta-analysis, we developed the PRO guidelines which emphasize statistical power, reporting, and open science to set standards for robust spillover research. The Bayesian approach allows for robust conclusions about the presence and absence of spillover as well as continuous updating with new evidence. We hope that the Bayesian approach combined with the PRO guidelines paves the way toward a sustainable overview of robust spillover research that independent researchers can easily update.

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Nudge for Good? Choice Defaults and Spillover Effects

Cited by 50 publications

References 80 publications

Organic defaults in online‐shopping: Immediate effects but no spillover to similar choices

Organic defaults in online‐shopping: Immediate effects but no spillover to similar choices

Demand Creation for COVID-19 Vaccination: Overcoming Vaccine Hesitancy through Social Marketing

More Green Than Gray? Toward a Sustainable Overview of Environmental Spillover Effects: A Bayesian Meta-Analysis (Postprint)

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