Nucleotide sequence of a<i>Euglena gracilis</i>chloroplast genome region coding for the elongation factor Tu; evidence for a spliced mRNA

Montandon, Paul-Etienne; Stutz, Erhard

doi:10.1093/nar/11.17.5877

Cited by 158 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Introns within a chloroplast protein gene have also been reported in several genes of Euglena grwiiis; for the large subunit of ribulose-l,S-bisphosphate carboxylase (&CL) [12], the elongation factor Tu (tufA) [13], and the 32 kDa protein (p&A) 114,151. The gene for the 32-kDa protein of C. reinhardii also has introns [16] as does the gene for the H+-ATPase subunit I (afpF) of wheat !17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coding sequences for chloroplast ribosomal protein S12 from the liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha, are separated far apart on the different DNA strands

et al. 1986

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During the nucleotide sequencing of chloroplast DNA from the liverwort, M. polymorpha, we found that a coding sequence corresponding to the Esherichiu coli ribosomal protein S12 gene (rps 12) is split into three exons. Strikingly, the first exon with the S-intron boundary sequence was found on the opposite strand of the chloroplast DNA (120 kilobases long, circular molecules) approx. 60 kilobases away from the rest of the exons. The amino acid sequence deduced from the DNA sequence was highly homologous to the sequences of the S12 ribosomal protein of .?Z. coli (70.2$6), and Euglena grucifis chloroplasts (73.6%). Possibte mechanisms for the expression of this split gene are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coding sequences for chloroplast ribosomal protein S12 from the liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha, are separated far apart on the different DNA strands

et al. 1986

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“…A chloroplast-localized tufA has been sequenced from Euglena graciis (7) and from chlorophycean (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, ref. 5) and ulvophycean (Codium fragile, M. Kuhsel and J.D.P., unpublished data) green algae.…”

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confidence: 99%

Different fates of the chloroplast tufA gene following its transfer to the nucleus in green algae.

Baldauf

Manhart

Palmer

1990

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Previous work suggested that the tufA gene, encoding protein synthesis elongation factor Tu, was transferred from the chloroplast to the nucleus within the green algal lineage giving rise to land plants. In this report we investigate the timing and mode of transfer by examining chloroplast and nuclear DNA from the three major classes of green algae, with emphasis on the class Charophyceae, the proposed sister group to land plants. Filter hybridizations reveal a chloroplast tufA gene in all Ulvophyceae and Chlorophyceae and in some but not all Charophyceae. One charophycean alga, Coleochaete orbicularis, is shown to contain an intact but highly divergent chloroplast tufA gene, whose product is predicted to be nonfunctional in protein synthesis. We propose that a copy of the tufA gene was functionally transferred from the chloroplast to the nucleus early in the evolution of the Charophyceae, with chloroplast copies of varying function being retained in some but not all of the subsequently diverging lineages. This proposal is supported by the demonstration of multiple tufA-like sequences in Coleochaete nuclear DNA and in nuclear DNA from all other Charophyceae examined.Chloroplasts and mitochondria encode only a small subset of the proteins necessary for their function, the rest being encoded in the nucleus and posttranslationally imported into the organelles. Characterization of organelle proteins encoded by nuclear genes shows that many are eubacterial in nature (1, 2). According to endosymbiotic theory these genes arose by direct transfer from the organelles, which once were free-living eubacteria. The conservation of gene content among organelles of distantly related taxa suggests that most gene transfer occurred early in organelle evolution (3,4). However, evidence of modern gene transfer has been accumulating (5,6), suggesting that the process continues, albeit at a greatly reduced rate.The plant tufA gene encodes the chloroplast protein synthesis elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu). A chloroplast-localized tufA has been sequenced from Euglena graciis (7) and from chlorophycean (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, ref. 5) and ulvophycean (Codium fragile, M. Kuhsel and J.D.P., unpublished data) green algae. However, tufA is missing from the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) of all examined land plants, including a bryophyte (Marchantia polymorpha, ref. 8), and has been found in the nuclear DNA (ncDNA) of the land plant Arabidopsis thaliana (5). Phylogenetic analysis suggests that tufA was transferred from the chloroplast to the nucleus within the green algal lineage giving rise to land plants (5).Five classes of green algae are recognized, with most taxa being assigned to the classes Charophyceae, Chlorophyceae, and Ulvophyceae (9). To further characterize the transfer of the tufA gene, we have investigated its structure and subcellular location in members of these three classes of green algae by a combination of filter hybridization and gene sequencing. Among the Charophyceae, an unusual chloroplast tufAl was found in the genu...

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“…Three of them have been or are being sequenced, namely: (i) the rbcL gene coding for the large subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, which is interrupted by 9 introns of average size 460 bp (2,3]; (ii) the tufA gene, coding for the elongation factor EF-Tu [4], with two small introns approx. 100 bp each; (iii) the psbA gene, coding for a 32 kDa thylakoid membrane protein of photosystem II, which includes 4 introns with sizes ranging from 433 to 616 bp [5-71. stretches and potential secondary structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The introns of the Euglenagracilis chloroplast gene which codes for the 32‐kDa protein of photosystem II

Keller

Michel

1985

FEBS Letters

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Nucleotide sequence of aEuglena gracilischloroplast genome region coding for the elongation factor Tu; evidence for a spliced mRNA

Abstract: We characterize a 1.95 kb transcription product of the Euglena gracilis chloroplast DNA fragment Eco-N + Q by S1 nuclease analysis and DNA sequencing and show that it is the product of three splicing events. Exon 1 (0.

Cited by 158 publications

References 39 publications

Coding sequences for chloroplast ribosomal protein S12 from the liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha, are separated far apart on the different DNA strands

Coding sequences for chloroplast ribosomal protein S12 from the liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha, are separated far apart on the different DNA strands

Different fates of the chloroplast tufA gene following its transfer to the nucleus in green algae.

The introns of the Euglenagracilis chloroplast gene which codes for the 32‐kDa protein of photosystem II

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