Nucleotide Sequence-Based Analysis for Determining the Molecular Epidemiology of Penicillium marneffei

MP1 Homologue-Based Multilocus Sequence System for Typing the Pathogenic Fungus Penicillium marneffei : a Novel Approach Using Lineage-Specific Genes

“…The only locus that showed significant variation was MP1, which is in line with the results observed in the present study, that only the MP1 homologues, but not the 11 housekeeping genes, showed significant variation. In the present study, the region of the MP1 gene used was from nucleotide 57 to 626, whereas in the other study (21), the region used was from nucleotide 508 to 957, using strain PM4 as the reference. This is probably the explanation of the higher variation in the MP1 gene in the present study.…”

“…Using two times the number of human isolates, we found that the present MLST system appears to be more discriminative than another MLST system recently published for molecular typing of P. marneffei (21). In the recently published article on nucleotide sequence-based analysis of P. marneffei isolates, nine gene loci were sequenced (21).…”

“…In the recently published article on nucleotide sequence-based analysis of P. marneffei isolates, nine gene loci were sequenced (21). Among these nine loci, five showed sequence variations.…”

“…MPI and PMATPase were used in the MLST scheme of Candida albicans; PK, GDH, and PGM were used in the multilocus enzyme electrophoresis scheme of C. albicans; CCR and TOP2 were known housekeeping genes of Penicillium verruculosum and Talaromyces flavus, respectively; and rNDP reductase, GltS, RNR, and PacC were genes found in our random exploration of the P. marneffei genome project (29,30,33,47). None of these seven genes was the same as the four housekeeping genes chosen for the recently published nucleotide sequence-based system for typing P. marneffei (21). The 14 lineage-specific genes include MP1 and its homologues that belong to a novel mannoprotein superfamily.…”

“…As multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is well known to be highly reproducible and discriminative for bacteria and has also been used for a number of fungal pathogens, we started to develop such a typing system for P. marneffei 3 years ago. Recently, Lasker has published a nucleotide sequence-based system for typing P. marneffei (21). In this article, we report the difficulty in using housekeeping genes and the subsequent success in using lineage-specific loci-a set of homologous genes belonging to a novel mannoprotein superfamily-for MLST in P. marneffei.…”