Nucleotide sequence and genomic organization of Aleutian mink disease parvovirus (ADV): sequence comparisons between a nonpathogenic and a pathogenic strain of ADV

Abstract

A DNA sequence of 4,592 nucleotides (nt) was derived for the nonpathogenic ADV-G strain of Aleutian mink disease parvovirus (ADV). The 3'(left) end of the virion strand contained a 117-nt palindrome that could assume a Y-shaped configuration similar to, but less stable than, that of other parvoviruses. The sequence obtained for the 5' end was incomplete and did not contain the 5' (right) hairpin structure but ended just after a 25-nt A + T-rich direct repeat. Features of ADV genomic organization are (i) major left (622 amino acids) and right (702 amino acids) open reading frames (ORFs) in different translational frames of the plus-sense strand, (ii) two short mid-ORFs, (iii) eight potential promoter motifs (TATA boxes), including ones at 3 and 36 map units, and (iv) six potential polyadenylation sites, including three clustered near the termination of the right ORF. Although the overall homology to other parvoviruses is less than 50%, there are short conserved amino acid regions in both major ORFs. However, two regions in the right ORF allegedly conserved among the parvoviruses were not present in ADV. At the DNA level, ADV-G is 97.5% related to the pathogenic ADV-Utah 1. A total of 22 amino acid changes were found in the right ORF; changes were found in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions and generally did not affect the theoretical hydropathy. However, there is a short heterogeneous region at 64 to 65 map units in which 8 out of 11 residues have diverged; this hypervariable segment may be analogous to short amino acid regions in other parvoviruses that determine host range and pathogenicity. These findings suggested that this region may harbor some of the determinants responsible for the differences in pathogenicity of ADV-G and ADV-Utah 1.

Discovery and Genomic Characterization of a Novel Ovine Partetravirus and a New Genotype of Bovine Partetravirus

“…All sequence identities are based on the full-length sequences and calculated using MatGat [54]. GenBank accession numbers are as follows: porcine PtV HK1 -EU200671 [19]; bovine PtV HK1 -EU200669 [19]; bovine PtV HK5 -; ovine PtV-; human PtV PARV4 C51-4 -DQ873387 [55]; bovine PV 2 -AF406966 [25]; bovine PV 3 -AF406967 [25]; minute virus of mice -DQ196317 [56]; human PV B19 -AY044266 [57]; bovine bocavirus -DQ335247 [58]; human bocavirus -FJ858259 [59]; Aleutian mink disease virus -NC_001662 [61]; bovine adeno-associated virus (AAV) -AY388617 [60]. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025619.t002…”

Epitope Mapping of Aleutian Mink Disease Parvovirus Virion Protein VP1 and 2

“…Although there is only 52% similarity at the amino acid level between VP1/2 from CPV and AMDV [1, 2, 16], it is quite likely that AMDV will pack into a structure similar to that of CPV, containing four loops exposed to the surface of the virion structure. This is based on the fact that the published (hyper)variable regions of different AMDV subtypes [16, 17], when aligned with the published CPV sequence [2], all fall into or close to the published CPV loop structures 1–4, indicating the possible generation of immune‐escape AMDV mutants. In particular, AMDV loop 2 was found to be quite variable [17].…”

Identification of domains in canine parvovirus VP2 essential for the assembly of virus-like particles

“…Also, the regions on the shoulder of the threefold spike or in the twofold depression have been implicated in receptor attachment (6). Finally, most of the changes in the pathogenicity of some parvoviruses, such as Aleutian disease virus, are associated to the disordered N-terminal section, although some other changes have been located in loop 1, which extends from the canyon, and in the exposed part of loop 2 (2).…”