Nucleon structure and the high energy interactions

Abstract

On the basis of the representation of the generalized structure of nucleons a new model of the hadron interaction at high energies is presented. The new t-dependence of the generalized parton distributions (GPDs) is obtained from the comparative analysis of different sets of the parton distribution functions (PDFs), based on the description of the whole sets of experimental data of electromagnetic form factors of the proton and neutron. Taking into account the different moments of GPDs of the hadron the quantitative descriptions of all existing experimental data of the proton-proton and proton-antiproton elastic scattering from √ s = 9.8 GeV to 8 TeV, including the Coulomb range and large momentum transfers up to −t = 15 GeV 2 , are obtained with a few free fitting high energy parameters. The real part of the hadronic elastic scattering amplitude is determined only through complex s satisfying the dispersion relations. The negligible contributions of the hard Pomeron and the presence of the non-small contributions of the maximal Odderon are obtained. The non-dying form of the spin-flip amplitude is examined as well. The structure of the Born term and unitarized scattering amplitude are analysed. It is shown that the Black Disk Limit for the elastic scatering amplitude is not reached at LHC energies. Predictions for LHC energies are made.

First QCD analysis of charged hadron fragmentation functions and their uncertainties at next-to-next-to-leading order

“…Parton distribution functions (PDFs) extracted from global QCD fits of deep inelastic electron proton (ep) scattering at HERA as well as proton-(anti)proton (pp) collision at hadron colliders such as LHC, are a fundamental input into hadron collider physics and has been very important in the investigation of the partonic structure of the nucleon, (see [1][2][3][4] for a recent review and [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] for recent determination of different types of PDFs). Much effort also have been made by theoretical and experimental particle physics communities to improve our understanding on the partonic structure of the nucleon and nuclei [2,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. These studies mostly include the the potential of recent measurements at high energy collider to better constrain our present knowledge of the PDFs and the importance or resulting PDFs for predictions of processes at the LHC and possible future high energy and high luminosity lepton and hadron colliders.…”

The energy dependence of the diffraction minimum in the elastic scattering and new LHC data

“…The HEGS model [8,9] takes into account all five spiral electromagnetic amplitudes. The electromagnetic amplitude can be calculated in the framework of QED.…”

“…In [25] different PDFs sets were examined and the momentum transfer dependence of the GPDs H(x, t, ξ = 0) and E(x, t, ξ = 0) was obtained which give the best descriptions of the electromagnetic form factors of the proton and neutron simultaneously. It allows us to calculate two different form factors: the electromagnetic form factors can be represented as the first moments of GPDs H(x, t) and E(x, t), and the integration of the second moment of GPDs over x gives the momentumtransfer representation of the form factor A(t), which is reflects the matter distribution in the hadron (see [8,9,25]).…”

“…The slope of the scattering amplitude has the standard logarithmic dependence on the energy B(s) = α ′ ln(ŝ) with α ′ = 0.24 GeV −2 and with some small additional term [9] which reflect the small non-linear behavior of α ′ at small momentum transfer [26]. The final elastic hadron scattering amplitude is obtained after unitarization of the Born term.…”

“…In papers [8,9], the dynamical model for a hadron interaction, which takes into account the hadron structure at large distances through the generalized parton distribution functions, was developed to describe quantitatively and simultaneously the proton-proton and proton antiproton elastic scattering at high energies. The model is based on the general quantum field theory principles (analyticity, unitarity and so on) and takes into account the basic information on the structure of a nucleon as a compound system.…”