Nucleolar activity of rat primary spermatocytes

Stefanini, Mario; Martino, C. De; D’Agostino, Angela; A, Agrestini; Monesi, V.

doi:10.1016/0014-4827(74)90664-8

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Previous studies have recognized the mitochondrial changes in morphology, organization, and number that occur during spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis (Machado de Domenech et al . 1972, Stefanini et al . 1974, De Martino et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenine nucleotide translocase 4 deficiency leads to early meiotic arrest of murine male germ cells

Brower¹,

Lim²,

Jorgensen³

et al. 2009

Reproduction

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Male fertility relies on the highly specialized process of spermatogenesis to continually renew the supply of spermatozoa necessary for reproduction. Central to this unique process is meiosis that is responsible for the production of haploid spermatozoa as well as for generating genetic diversity. During meiosis I, there is a dramatic increase in the number of mitochondria present within the developing spermatocytes, suggesting an increased necessity for ATP production and utilization. Essential for the utilization of ATP is the translocation of ADP and ATP across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which is mediated by the adenine nucleotide translocases (Ant). We recently identified and characterized a novel testis specific Ant, ANT4 (also known as SLC25A31 and Aac4). The generation of Ant4-deficient animals resulted in the severe disruption of the seminiferous epithelium with an apparent spermatocytic arrest of the germ cell population. In the present study utilizing a chromosomal spread technique, we determined that Ant4-deficiency results in an accumulation of leptotene spermatocytes, a decrease in pachytene spermatocytes, and an absence of diplotene spermatocytes, indicating early meiotic arrest. Furthermore, the chromosomes of Ant4-deficient pachytene spermatocyte occasionally demonstrated sustained γH2AX association as well as synaptonemal complex protein 1 (SYCP1)/SYCP3 dissociation beyond the sex body. Large ATP supplies from mitochondria may be critical for normal progression of spermatogenesis during early stages of meiotic prophase I, including DNA double-strand break repair and chromosomal synapsis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenine nucleotide translocase 4 deficiency leads to early meiotic arrest of murine male germ cells

Brower¹,

Lim²,

Jorgensen³

et al. 2009

Reproduction

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“…Even a pars granulosa separated from the rest of the nucleolus could include the round body. Furthermore, during the period of rapid growth of the round body, nucleoli showed heavy incorporation of 3H(5')-uridine as visualized by LM radioautography (Stefanini et al, 1974), whereas at diplotene, when growth of the round body had ceased and during spermiogenesis when the round body was shrinking, nucleoli were segregated and showed little or no incorporation of 3H-uridine (Stefanini et al, 1974;and our unpublished data). These relations suggested the possibility of an influence of the round body on the production of ribosomal RNA in meiotic cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Structure, development, and cytochemical properties of the nucleolus‐associated “round body” in rat spermatocytes and early spermatids

1984

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The "round body," a spherical structure typically associated with a nucleolus in male germ cells of the rat, has been examined in the electron microscope using routine and cytochemical methods to determine its structure, composition, and mode of development. Cytochemical analysis indicates that the round body includes neither nucleic acid nor lipid, but is composed of nonhistone protein which appears in the form of 1.6-nm-wide fibrils. Development begins in late leptotene, when a single round body appears in each spermatocyte as an irregular spheroid located along the inner surface of the nuclear envelope. During subsequent stages of the meiotic prophase, the round body leaves the nuclear envelope, becomes a regular sphere, and gradually enlarges from a diameter of 0.4 micron in leptotene to 1.6 micron in diplotene. Concurrently, lacunae appear within its substance and enlarge. At each maturation division, the amount of round-body material is decreased by about half, presumably because the constituent proteins are dissociated at metaphase, distributed between the two daughter cells at telophase, and reconstituted into half-sized round bodies. As spermiogenesis proceeds, the round body shrinks gradually and disappears at step 8. Soon after its appearance at leptotene, the round body becomes associated with and is surrounded by the pars granulosa of one of the nucleoli. Moreover, 3H-uridine incorporation into nucleolar RNA is high as long as the size of the round body increases, but is low or absent when it decreases. It is possible, therefore, that the round body exerts some control on nucleolar activity in meiotic cells.

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“…However, it was not clear whether or not these expression patterns reflected the synthetic activity of the spermatogenetic cells. This is because, in the testis, previous studies in vivo (Stefanini et al 1974;Soderstrom and Parvinen 1976) and in vitro (Monesi et al 1978) using the autoradiographic method clearly indicated that the uptake of [ 3 H]-uridine increased in the mid-pachytene spermatocytes and not in spermatogonia. In the present study, the amount of rRNA was smaller in early step 1 spermatids than in steps 2-14 spermatids, confirming that rRNA genes become reactivated during spermiogenesis as described with the Ag-AS technique by Schmid et al (1977).…”

Section: Rrna As a Positive Control For Ishmentioning

confidence: 93%

Quantification of In Situ Hybridization Signals in Rat Testes

Kimura

Kosaka

Nomura

et al. 2004

J Histochem Cytochem.

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S U M M A R YWe performed basic research into quantifying in situ hybridization (ISH) signals in rat testis, a suitable organ for the quantification because germ cells undergo synchronized development and show stage-specific gene expression. In this model experiment, rRNA was selected as the hybridizable RNA in paraffin sections. Specimens fixed with Bouin's fixative and hybridized with digoxygenin-labeled probes could easily be analyzed quantitatively through "posterization" of the images. The amount of rRNA hybridized with the probe was greatest in early primary spermatocytes, followed by pachytene primary spermatocytes, then diplotene spermatocytes, and finally by secondary spermatocytes and spermatids. The amounts reached low levels in metaphase, anaphase, and telophase of meiotic division and early step 1 spermatids, and then slightly increased during spermiogenesis. ISH rRNA staining was a useful parameter for evaluation of the quantitative analysis of mRNA and the levels of hybridizable RNA in tissue sections.

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Nucleolar activity of rat primary spermatocytes

Cited by 27 publications

References 8 publications

Adenine nucleotide translocase 4 deficiency leads to early meiotic arrest of murine male germ cells

Adenine nucleotide translocase 4 deficiency leads to early meiotic arrest of murine male germ cells

Structure, development, and cytochemical properties of the nucleolus‐associated “round body” in rat spermatocytes and early spermatids

Quantification of In Situ Hybridization Signals in Rat Testes

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