NUCLEIC ACID PATTERNS IN RAT LIVER FOLLOWING HYPOPHYSECTOMY AND GROWTH HORMONE ADMINISTRATION<sup>1</sup>

Stefano, Henry S. Di; Bass, Allan D.; Diermeier, H. F.; Tepperman, Jay

doi:10.1210/endo-51-5-386

Cited by 31 publications

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“…After 3 days' treatment the level of RNA had risen by 30 %, the rise being statistically significant both on the basis of concentration and total content. This increase is in accordance with the results on hypophysectomized animals previously reported [Geschwind et al 1950;Stefano et al 1952]. It is worth noting that the RNA levels found are rather lower than most reported in the literature, although, using the same technique, normal un-injected rats gave levels falling within the normal range.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Some such correlation was noted by Geschwind et al [1950] who found that hypophysectomy led to a decrease in liver RNA, but the injection of GH into hypophysectomized animals prevented this fall. Similar results were obtained by Stefano et al [1952] and by Stefano, Diermeier & Tepperman [1955] who estimated RNA by cytological methods. The latter authors showed parallel changes in the protein and RNA of the nucleus and in the protein and RNA of the cytoplasm, with the nuclear constituents changing more rapidly than the cytoplasmic.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The nuclear RNA, however, is still increasing at 3 days, whereas the cytoplasmic RNA is tending to return to normal levels. The response, therefore, of the liver RNA to GH treatment is to increase, both in amount and in the rate of turnover, and these effects accompany an increased rate of protein synthesis which occurs over the same time interval [Stefano et al 1952].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The level of RNA in the liver has been measured by Geschwind, Li & Evans [1950], Stefano, Bass, Diermeier & Tepperman [1952] and by Reid [1955], and there appears to be general agreement that hypophysectomy causes a fall in liver RNA and that this low level can be restored to normal by GH. It is not possible to ascertain from the data of Gray [1956] whether GH causes an increase in liver RNA or not.…”

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confidence: 95%

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The Effect of Pituitary Growth Hormone on the Level and Turnover of Nucleic Acids and Phospholipids of the Rat's Liver

Greenbaum¹,

Graymore²,

Slater³

1957

Journal of Endocrinology

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The levels of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), phospholipid and phosphoprotein and the turnover rates of DNA, nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA, and phospholipid, have been studied in the livers of rats treated with growth hormone for 12 hr or 3 days.There was no change in either the level or turnover of DNA. After a lag phase the level of RNA rose some 30 % above control level and similar rises were noted in the turnover rate. The phospholipid content and turnover also increased as a result of the hormone treatment. There was a fall in the level of the phosphoprotein fraction.These results are discussed in relation to the increased rate of protein synthesis found in growth hormone-treated rats.The observations of Lee & Schaffer [1934] that the increase in weight of rats treated with pituitary growth hormone (GH) is due to a deposition of protein in the tissues has been repeatedly confirmed using both crude growth hormone preparations [Young, 1945] and purified material [Li, Simpson & Evans, 1948;. The increased body protein is accompanied by a decrease in the rate of urea forma¬ tion and an increase in the rate at which amino-acids are removed from the blood [Russell & Cappiello, 1949]. As a result of their studies of the effect of GH in acutely nephrectomized rats, Russell & Cappiello [1949] concluded that the hormone had little or no effect on the rate of basal protein catabolism but markedly increased the anabolic phase of protein metabolism. Other evidence that GH causes an increase in protein synthesis may be adduced from the isotope studies of Hoberman and Bartlett & Gaebler [1952]. Hoberman has concluded that GH causes an increase in body protein by decreasing the rate of amino-acid catabolism, thus increasing the size of the amino-acid pool available for synthesis, and Bartlett & Gaebler have found not only a decrease in the rate of amino-acid catabolism, but also a small increase in the rate of incorporation of 15N-glycine into protein.In recent years, the nucleic acids have become increasingly important in the study of protein synthesis. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is located exclusively in the nucleus and, since each type of cell appears to have a constant content of DNA, has been used as a measure of the number of cells present. Thus, measurement of the DNA content of the livers of treated rats would show whether the increased protein content of this organ was due to cellular hypertrophy or to hyperplasia. Although many authors have investigated the effect of hypophysectomy on the content and turnover of DNA in the liver and of the effect of GH treatment of hypophysectomized rats on 15 Endoc. 15, 3

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

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The Effect of Pituitary Growth Hormone on the Level and Turnover of Nucleic Acids and Phospholipids of the Rat's Liver

Greenbaum¹,

Graymore²,

Slater³

1957

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Untreated hypophysectomized rats showed a decrease in liver RNA but not in DNA, the effect on RNA being reversed by GH. Similar findings for untreated and GH-treated hypophysectomized rats, with respect to the concentrations of RNA and DNA in liver, have been published by Geschwind, Li & Evans [1950], and also by Di Stefano, Bass, Diermeier & Tepperman [1952] who further showed that the change in RNA occurred in both nucleus and cytoplasm. The untreated adrenalectomized rats showed a significant rise in DNA but not in RNA ( Table 2).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Hormonal Effects on Liver and Kidney Cytoplasm

Reid¹

1956

Journal of Endocrinology

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1. Differential centrifugation, in 0\m=.\25m sucrose solution, has been performed with rat liver and kidney tissue to ascertain whether the yield and composition of the cytoplasmic fractions (mitochondrial, microsome and supernatant fractions) depend on the hormonal status of the animal.2. After hypophysectomy the ribonucleic acid (RNA) of the mitochondrial fraction from liver underwent a decrease (in terms of body weight) which was sufficient to account for the fall in the RNA of the liver as a whole. There was also a decrease in the yield of the mitochondrial fraction. Administration of pituitary growth hormone (GH) to hypophysectomized rats not only restored to normal the amount of RNA in the mitochondrial fraction and the yield of that fraction, but also led to an apparent shift of RNA from the microsome fraction to the supernatant fraction. A further change observed after hypophysectomy, whether or not GH had been given, was a rise in the yield of the microsome fraction. Hypophysectomized rats given thyrotrophin (TSH) did not show significant cytoplasmic changes as found with untreated hypophysectomized rats, but it was not possible to conclude that TSH had actually reversed the effects of hypophysectomy.3. Castrated rats showed no abnormalities in the yields of the liver cytoplasmic fractions or in the concentration of RNA in the fractions. Alloxan-diabetic rats showed a rise in the yield of the supernatant fraction from liver. 4. Untreated adrenalectomized rats showed a rise in liver deoxyribonucleic acid, a fall in the yield of the liver mitochondrial fraction, but not in the amount of RNA in that fraction, and a rise in the amount of RNA in the supernatant fraction. Replacement therapy with various adrenocorticoids was attempted, with only partial success. 5. In contrast with the RNA content, the phospholipid content of the liver cytoplasmic fractions was not, in general, dependent on hormonal status.6. Determinations of the yield and composition (RNA and phospholipid) of the cytoplasmic fractions from kidney disclosed certain hormonal effects, differing from those observed with liver; for example, the kidneys from hypophysectomized rats furnished microsome fractions in lowered yield but with an increased concentration of RNA.The technique of differential centrifugation, whereby mitochondria and other particulate constituents can be isolated from disrupted cells, has been widely used in bio¬ chemical studies on normal and cancerous liver. Hitherto the technique has been little applied in the study of hormonal influences on liver.At the outset ofthe present study, adult female rats were subjected to adrenalectomy or to treatment with pituitary growth hormone (GH). As reported elsewhere [Reid, 1954[Reid, , 1955 a], neither liver nor kidney from the rats given GH showed significant changes in cytoplasmic composition as studied by differential centrifugation. With adrenalectomy the composition of liver cytoplasm did show certain changes (as described below), the reversal of which was attempted with appropria...

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Metabolic Function of the Pituitary Growth Hormone

Weil¹

1955

Arch Intern Med

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NUCLEIC ACID PATTERNS IN RAT LIVER FOLLOWING HYPOPHYSECTOMY AND GROWTH HORMONE ADMINISTRATION¹

Cited by 31 publications

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The Effect of Pituitary Growth Hormone on the Level and Turnover of Nucleic Acids and Phospholipids of the Rat's Liver

The Effect of Pituitary Growth Hormone on the Level and Turnover of Nucleic Acids and Phospholipids of the Rat's Liver

Hormonal Effects on Liver and Kidney Cytoplasm

Metabolic Function of the Pituitary Growth Hormone

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NUCLEIC ACID PATTERNS IN RAT LIVER FOLLOWING HYPOPHYSECTOMY AND GROWTH HORMONE ADMINISTRATION1

Cited by 31 publications

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The Effect of Pituitary Growth Hormone on the Level and Turnover of Nucleic Acids and Phospholipids of the Rat's Liver

The Effect of Pituitary Growth Hormone on the Level and Turnover of Nucleic Acids and Phospholipids of the Rat's Liver

Hormonal Effects on Liver and Kidney Cytoplasm

Metabolic Function of the Pituitary Growth Hormone

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Product

Resources

About

NUCLEIC ACID PATTERNS IN RAT LIVER FOLLOWING HYPOPHYSECTOMY AND GROWTH HORMONE ADMINISTRATION¹