Nucleic acid-functionalized transition metal nanosheets for biosensing applications

Abstract

In clinical diagnostics, as well as food and environmental safety practices, biosensors are powerful tools for monitoring biological or biochemical processes. Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal nanomaterials, including transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) and transition metal oxides (TMOs), are receiving growing interest for their use in biosensing applications based on such unique properties as high surface area and fluorescence quenching abilities. Meanwhile, nucleic acid probes based on Watson-Crick base-pairing rules are also being widely applied in biosensing based on their excellent recognition capability. In particular, the emergence of functional nucleic acids in the 1980s, especially aptamers, has substantially extended the recognition capability of nucleic acids to various targets, ranging from small organic molecules and metal ions to proteins and cells. Based on π-π stacking interaction between transition metal nanosheets and nucleic acids, biosensing systems can be easily assembled. Therefore, the combination of 2D transition metal nanomaterials and nucleic acids brings intriguing opportunities in bioanalysis and biomedicine. In this review, we summarize recent advances of nucleic acid-functionalized transition metal nanosheets in biosensing applications. The structure and properties of 2D transition metal nanomaterials are first discussed, emphasizing the interaction between transition metal nanosheets and nucleic acids. Then, the applications of nucleic acid-functionalized transition metal nanosheet-based biosensors are discussed in the context of different signal transducing mechanisms, including optical and electrochemical approaches. Finally, we provide our perspectives on the current challenges and opportunities in this promising field.

MoS2 quantum dots featured fluorescent biosensor for multiple detection of cancer

“…MoS 2 QDs can recognize complementary oligonucleotides or aptamers as recognition units. 26,27 In addition, they can spontaneously adsorb P 0 -FAM via van der Waals force between the nucleobases of ssDNA and the surface of MoS 2 QDs. The intrinsic uorescent quenching property of MoS 2 to organic dye molecules causes uorescence quenching of P 0 -FAM when P 0 -FAM is adsorbed on MoS 2 QDs, while the uorescence recovery of P 0 -FAM occurs under the attack of MUC1, which is attributed to the exposure of P 0 -FAM due to the detachment of P 0 -FAM from MoS 2 QDs with a stronger affinity between P 0 -FAM and MUC1.…”

Are Nanobiosensors an Improved Solution for Diagnosis of Leishmania?

“…Various types of nanostructures such carbon nanotubes; graphene oxide [ 54 , 55 ]; Au [ 56 ]; Ag [ 57 , 58 ] and ceria [ 59 ] nanoparticles; quantum dots [ 60 ]; metal–organic structures [ 61 , 62 ]; transition metal nanosheets [ 63 , 64 ]; and conductive polymers—such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanoparticles [ 65 ], polypyrrole (PPY) nanospheres [ 66 ], and polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers, have been reported as effective fluorescence quenchers. Immobilizing these nanostructures on flexible substrates and their further integration in portable devices have been explored in many different applications.…”

Poly‐Cytosine Deoxyribonucleic Acid Strongly Anchoring on Graphene Oxide Due to Flexible Backbone Phosphate Interactions

“…[ 1–8 ] While many of these biosensors have been implemented in molecular beacons or other homogeneous systems, [ 9–11 ] recent research has also interfaced DNA with nanomaterials as a framework for biosensors. [ 12–16 ] The most‐studied nanomaterials for this purpose include carbon‐based (such as graphene oxide [GO] and carbon nanotubes), [ 17,18 ] metallic (e.g., gold, silver), [ 19–21 ] and metal oxide (e.g., CeO 2 , TiO 2 ) nanoparticles. [ 14 ]…”