Nucleic Acid Drugs—Current Status, Issues, and Expectations for Exosomes

Yamada, Yoji

doi:10.3390/cancers13195002

Cited by 45 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 143 publications

(156 reference statements)

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“…The expansion of drug-discovery modalities has been remarkable in recent years. In particular, nucleic-acid drugs can directly act on gene regulation [87][88][89]. Compared with conventional small-molecule drugs, biopharmacology makes it easier to design drugs that specifically act on various molecules.…”

Section: Micrornas In Ev-mediated Ddsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Drug-Delivery Systems through Intracellular Communications

Matsuzaka

Yashiro

2022

Membranes

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Since it has been reported that extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry cargo using cell-to-cell comminication according to various in vivo situations, they are exprected to be applied as new drug-delivery systems (DDSs). In addition, non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), have attracted much attention as potential biomarkers in the encapsulated extracellular-vesicle (EV) form. EVs are bilayer-based lipids with heterogeneous populations of varying sizes and compositions. The EV-mediated transport of contents, which includes proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, has attracted attention as a DDS through intracellular communication. Many reports have been made on the development of methods for introducing molecules into EVs and efficient methods for introducing them into target vesicles. In this review, we outline the possible molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs in exosomes participate in the post-transcriptional regulation of signaling pathways via cell–cell communication as novel DDSs, especially small EVs.

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Section: Micrornas In Ev-mediated Ddsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Drug-Delivery Systems through Intracellular Communications

Matsuzaka

Yashiro

2022

Membranes

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“…Under physiological and pathological conditions, exosomes can be actively secreted extracellularly by various cells including immune cells, stem cells and tumor cells, and can transport a large number of biomolecules from the parent cell to other cells, which is closely related to the pathogenesis of tumors ( Claridge et al, 2021 ; Oey et al, 2021 ; Yamada, 2021 ). Because of their small size, exosomes are able to avoid phagocytosis by mononuclear macrophages and cross the vascular wall to the extracellular matrix, they are widely present in various body fluids including blood, saliva, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and thoracoabdominal fluid ( Clark et al, 2021 ; Leggio et al, 2021 ; Mao et al, 2021 ; Prieto-Vila et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Detection Of Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Application of Exosomes Identification Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for the Early Detection of Cancers

Yang

Jia

2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Exosomes are small nanoscale vesicles with a double-layered lipid membrane structure secreted by cells, and almost all types of cells can secrete exosomes. Exosomes carry a variety of biologically active contents such as nucleic acids and proteins, and play an important role not only in intercellular information exchange and signal transduction, but also in various pathophysiological processes in the human body. Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) uses light to interact with nanostructured materials such as gold and silver to produce a strong surface plasmon resonance effect, which can significantly enhance the Raman signal of molecules adsorbed on the surface of nanostructures to obtain a rich fingerprint of the sample itself or Raman probe molecules with ultra-sensitivity. The unique advantages of SERS, such as non-invasive and high sensitivity, good selectivity, fast analysis speed, and low water interference, make it a promising technology for life science and clinical testing applications. In this paper, we briefly introduce exosomes and the current main detection methods. We also describe the basic principles of SERS and the progress of the application of unlabeled and labeled SERS in exosome detection. This paper also summarizes the value of SERS-based exosome assays for early tumor diagnosis.

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“…Due to the arduous nature of the causation and phenotype of cancer, it is evident that nucleic acid-based therapeutics must implement a plethora of strategies via different modes of action to target relevant genes and their products in cancer cells or stimulate an immune response against them[ 78 ]. Table 3 summarizes the current status of nucleic acid nanomedicines available for cancer treatment.…”

Section: Nucleic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ASOs are synthetic oligonucleotides complementary to a gene of interest that bind on the pre-mRNA or mRNA of the target gene, hindering cellular post-transcriptional and translational machinery and eventually leading to altered splicing patterns or gene silencing, respectively[ 79 , 80 ]. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-based ASOs are under clinical evaluation to treat leukemia[ 78 , 81 ] and solid tumors[ 81 ] via targeting Grb2. Furthermore, targeting the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 is also being examined as a possible target in patients with advanced lymphoid malignancies[ 82 ].…”

Section: Nucleic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomedicine approaches for treatment of hematologic and oncologic malignancies

Nteli¹,

Bajwa²,

Politakis³

et al. 2022

WJCO

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Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Nowadays, the therapies are inadequate and spur demand for improved technologies. Rapid growth in nanotechnology and novel nanomedicine products represents an opportunity to achieve sophisticated targeting strategies and multi-functionality. Nanomedicine is increasingly used to develop new cancer diagnosis and treatment methods since this technology can modulate the biodistribution and the target site accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs, thereby reducing their toxicity. Cancer nanotechnology and cancer immunotherapy are two parallel themes that have emerged over the last few decades while searching for a cure for cancer. Immunotherapy is revolutionizing cancer treatment, as it can achieve unprecedented responses in advanced-stage patients, including complete cures and long-term survival. A deeper understanding of the human immune system allows the establishment of combination regimens in which immunotherapy is combined with other treatment modalities (as in the case of the nanodrug Ferumoxytol). Furthermore, the combination of gene therapy approaches with nanotechnology that aims to silence or express cancer-relevant genes via one-time treatment is gradually progressing from bench to bedside. The most common example includes lipid-based nanoparticles that target VEGF-Α and KRAS pathways. This review focuses on nanoparticle-based platforms utilized in recent advances aiming to increase the efficacy of currently available cancer therapies. The insights provided and the evidence obtained in this paper indicate a bright future ahead for immuno-oncology applications of engineering nanomedicines.

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Nucleic Acid Drugs—Current Status, Issues, and Expectations for Exosomes

Cited by 45 publications

References 143 publications

Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Drug-Delivery Systems through Intracellular Communications

Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Drug-Delivery Systems through Intracellular Communications

Advances in the Application of Exosomes Identification Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for the Early Detection of Cancers

Nanomedicine approaches for treatment of hematologic and oncologic malignancies

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