Nucleation–Oxidation coupled technology for High-Nickel ternary cathode recycling of spent Lithium-ion batteries

Selective lithium extraction from spent lithium-ion batteries through polyvinyl chloride thermal decomposition-based gas-solid reaction

“…With the rapid advancement of energy storage technology and the widespread adoption of electric vehicles, the demand for metals like nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn) has surged worldwide [ 12 , 13 ]. Lithium (Li), a critical component of lithium-ion batteries [ 14 , 15 ], has experienced a significant increase in price as a result [ 16 , 17 ]. To address this challenge and maximize the utilization of secondary resources, the recycling of waste lithium batteries has gained immense strategic importance [ 18 , 19 ].…”