Nucleation of corrosion pits on stainless steel

Burstein, G.T.; Mattin, S.P.

doi:10.1080/09500839208229274

Cited by 85 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Therefore, with the increase of chloride concentration, both the nucleation and the growth of metastable pits are promoted. According to Burstein [28,29], this is directly associated with the observation that the number of surface sites available for development of a metastable pit decreased with decreasing chloride for all potentials. A number of researchers studied the effect of alloying elements on the formation of metastable pitting and observed that stainless steel alloys with varying concentration of chromium and molybdenum experience a decrease in the number of metastable events with time due to improve corrosion resistance of the passive film resulting in decrease in available initiation sites [30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Metastable Pittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pitting Corrosion Resistance and Inhibition of Lean Austenitic Stainless Steel Alloys

Loto¹

2017

Austenitic Stainless Steels - New Aspects

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The pitting corrosion behavior of 301, 304 and 316 austenitic stainless steels in 2M H 2 SO 4 at 0-1.5% NaCl concentrations was investigated through potentiodynamic polarization and optical microscopy analysis. Electrochemical analysis of the pitting corrosion inhibition and surface protection properties of rosemary oil and aniline on the stainless was also performed. The corrosion rate, pitting potential, passivation potential, metastable pitting potential and surface morphology of both steels where significantly altered by changes in chloride concentration, differences in alloy composition and metallurgical properties of the steels. 316 steel had the lowest corrosion rate and highest pitting corrosion resistance followed by 301 steel. The surface morphology of 316 steel was slightly altered at 1.5% NaCl concentration while 301 steel appears to etch with grain boundaries appearing at higher chloride concentration. 304 steel showed no resistance to pitting after 0% NaCl coupled with relatively significant increase in corrosion rate values. Its surface morphology showed the presence of corrosion pits with respect to chloride and inhibitor concentration. Rosemary oil and aniline significantly reduced the corrosion rates values of the stainless steels and with consequent increase in their pitting corrosion resistance; however the compounds had no positive influence on the pitting corrosion behavior of 304 steel.

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Section: Metastable Pittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pitting Corrosion Resistance and Inhibition of Lean Austenitic Stainless Steel Alloys

Loto¹

2017

Austenitic Stainless Steels - New Aspects

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“…7,10,11,14,15,18 These occur as a result of the breakdown of the passive layer in the localised areas affected. Samples were monitored by an optical microscope during potentiodynamic tests in order to draw parallels between events visually occurring on the surface and the current transients being measured as potential is varied.…”

Section: Electrochemical Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cations in that area. 3,10,14 As the pit is anodic with respect to the cathodic surface surrounding it, electroneutrality of the pit electrolyte requires an increased abundance of Cl À counter-ions. shown in Fig.…”

Section: 1233-35mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 These stages are poorly understood, as the small scale at which they occur presents a challenge for successful detection or measurement. 12,14 Through producing data from the early stages of localised corrosion, results and observations may be fed into computational models, allowing for a mathematical reconstruction of the electrochemical events occurring.…”

Section: -48-10mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study of dynamic nanoscale corrosion initiation events using HS-AFM

et al. 2018

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Atomic force microscopes (AFMs) are capable of high-resolution mapping of structures and the measurement of mechanical properties on nanometre scales within gaseous, liquid and vacuum environments. The contact mode high-speed AFM (HS-AFM) developed at Bristol Nano Dynamics Ltd. operates at speeds that are orders of magnitude faster than conventional AFMs, and is capable of capturing multiple frames per second. This allows for direct observation of dynamic events in real-time, with nanometre lateral resolution and subatomic height resolution. HS-AFM is a valuable tool for the imaging of nanoscale corrosion initiation events, such as metastable pitting, grain boundary (GB) dissolution and short crack formation during stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Within this study HS-AFM was combined with SEM and FIB milling to produce a multifaceted picture of localised corrosion events occurring on thermally sensitised AISI 304 stainless steel in an aqueous solution of 1% sodium chloride (NaCl).HS-AFM measurements were performed in situ by imaging within a custom built liquid cell with parallel electrochemical control. The high resolution of the HS-AFM allowed for measurements to be performed at individual reaction sites, i.e. at specific GB carbide surfaces. Topographic maps of the sample surface allowed for accurate measurements of the dimensions of pits formed. Using these measurements it was possible to calculate, and subsequently model, the volumes of metal reacting with respect to time, and so the current densities and ionic fluxes at work. In this manner, the local electrochemistry at nanoscale reaction sites may be reconstructed.

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“…[15][16][17] Metastable pits of stainless steels often form in the entire range of passivating potential. 18,19) The number of metastable pitting events has been shown to be a function of the potential, [20][21][22] the potential scan rate, 23,24) the chloride concentration in the solution, 25,26) the oxide thickness and the alloy composition. 23) Burstein assumes that there are two distinct processes before stable pit formation occurs: pit nucleation and growth of the metastable pit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamics of Inclusion Formation and Its Influence on the Corrosion Behavior of Cu Bearing Duplex Stainless Steels

et al. 2011

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To elucidate the thermodynamics of inclusion formation and its influence on the corrosion behavior of Cu bearing duplex stainless steels, potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarization tests, a SEM-EDS analysis of inclusions, and thermodynamic calculations of the formation of inclusions were carried out. While the resistance to general corrosion of the noble copper contained alloy-1.5Cu in a deaerated 2 M H 2 SO 4 was higher than that of the alloy-BASE, the resistance to pitting corrosion of copper contained alloy-1.5Cu in a deaerated 0.5 N HCl + 1 N NaCl and 30 mass% NaCl was lower than that of the alloy-BASE due to an increase of interface areas between inclusions and matrix acting as preferential pit initiation sites. The thermodynamic calculation for the formation of Cr-containing oxide inclusions was in good agreement with the experimental results.

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Nucleation of corrosion pits on stainless steel

Cited by 85 publications

References 8 publications

Pitting Corrosion Resistance and Inhibition of Lean Austenitic Stainless Steel Alloys

Pitting Corrosion Resistance and Inhibition of Lean Austenitic Stainless Steel Alloys

A study of dynamic nanoscale corrosion initiation events using HS-AFM

Thermodynamics of Inclusion Formation and Its Influence on the Corrosion Behavior of Cu Bearing Duplex Stainless Steels

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