Nucleation mode particles in upslope valley winds at Mount Norikura, Japan: Implications for the vertical extent of new particle formation events in the lower troposphere

Nishita, Chiharu; Osada, Kazuo; Kido, Masaru; Matsunaga, Katsuji; Iwasaka, Yasunobu

doi:10.1029/2007jd009302

Cited by 40 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…For example, Venzac et al (2008) reported growth rates of 1.8±0.7 nm h −1 in the Nepalese Himalayas at an elevation of 5079 m a.s.l., thus slightly smaller than found in this study. On contrary Nishita et al (2008) reported growth rates of 2.6-3.1 nm h −1 in Mt. Norikura, Japan at altitude of 2770 m and Venzac et al (2009) 4.7-5.6 nm h −1 in Puy de Dôme, France at an elevation of 1465 m. The growth rates obtained here, fit right on top of the ones from Japan which were measured approximately at the same elevation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

New particle formation infrequently observed in Himalayan foothills – why?

et al. 2011

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Abstract.A fraction of the Himalayan aerosols originate from secondary sources, which are currently poorly quantified. To clarify the climatic importance of regional secondary particle formation in the Himalayas, data from 2005 to 2010 of continuous aerosol measurements at a highaltitude (2180 m) Indian Himalayan site, Mukteshwar, were analyzed. For this period, the days were classified, and the particle formation and growth rates were calculated for clear new particle formation (NPF) event days. The NPF events showed a pronounced seasonal cycle. The frequency of the events peaked in spring, when the ratio between event and non-event days was 53 %, whereas the events were truly sporadic on any other seasons. The annual mean particle formation and growth rates were 0.40 cm −3 s −1 and 2.43 nm h −1 , respectively. The clear annual cycle was found to be mainly controlled by the seasonal evolution of the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) height together with local meteorological conditions. Spring NPF events were connected with increased PBL height, and therefore characterised as boundary layer events, while the rare events in other seasons represented lower free tropospheric particle formation. This provides insight on the vertical extent of NPF in the atmosphere.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

New particle formation infrequently observed in Himalayan foothills – why?

et al. 2011

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“…Several studies conducted at mountain sites have shown a diurnal pattern of changes between air coming from the planetary boundary layer (PBL) during the day and from the free troposphere (FT) during the night (Nyeki et al, 1998b;Shaw, 2007;Nishita et al, 2008). A diurnal pattern in the vertical wind speed at Mount Waliguan has also been reported (Wang et al, 2006).…”

Section: Temporal Variationmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Shaw (2007) compared the difference in the potential temperature between mountain observations and observations conducted at the mountain base. Nyeki et al (1998b) and Nishita et al (2008) used synoptic or local meteorological conditions as criteria for selection. Besides these methods, also water vapor pressure and concentrations of some relatively long-lived trace gases produced in PBL, such as CO, could be useful criteria when looking at the type of air.…”

Section: Temporal Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long term particle size distribution measurements at Mount Waliguan, a high-altitude site in inland China

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Particle number size distributions in size range 12-570 nm were measured continuously at Mount Waliguan, a remote mountain-top station in inland China. The station is located at the altitude of 3816 m a.s.l., and some 600-1200 m above the surrounding area. The measurement period lasted from September 2005 to May 2007. The measurements were verified with independent CPC measurements at the same site. The average particle concentration in ambient conditions was 2030 cm −3 , which is higher than the values measured at similar altitude in other regions of the world. On average, the Aitken mode contributed to roughly half of the particle number concentration. The concentrations were found to be higher during the summer than during the winter. The diurnal variation was also investigated and a clear pattern was found for the nucleation mode during all seasons, so that the nucleation mode particle concentration increased in the afternoon. The same pattern was visible in the Aitken mode during the summer, whereas the accumulation mode did not show any level of diurnal pattern during any season. Excluding the nucleation mode, the average day-time particle concentrations were not significantly higher than those measured at night-time, indicating no systematic pattern of change between planetary boundary layer conditions and free troposphere conditions. In air masses coming from east, the number concentration of particles was higher than in other air masses, which indicates that the air Correspondence to: N. Kivekäs (niku.kivekas@fmi.fi) mass might be affected anthropogenic pollution east of the station. Also other factors, such as active new-particle formation, keep aerosol number concentrations high in the area.

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“…For example, at a study site on Mt. Norikura in Japan NH 3 was measured using an acid-impregnated filter and found no positive correlation between [NH 3 ] and NPF for NH 3 at the sub-ppbv level [Nishita et al, 2008]. Other NH 3 measurements for NPF studies include the Hyytiälä measurements with a refluxing mist chamber [Riipinen et al, 2007].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of aerosol nucleation rate with sulfuric acid and ammonia in Kent, Ohio: An atmospheric observation

Erupe¹,

Benson²,

Li³

et al. 2010

J. Geophys. Res.

115

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[1] New particle formation (NPF) occurs in various atmospheric environments, and these newly formed particles have the potential to grow to cloud condensation nuclei. But at present it is unclear which chemical species are involved in aerosol nucleation and growth, in part because there are only a limited number of simultaneous measurements of aerosol precursors and aerosol size distributions. Observations of ambient aerosol size distributions, sulfuric acid, and ammonia were made for over a year in Kent, Ohio, a relatively less polluted continental environment. Particle sizes in the diameter range from 3 to 1000 nm were measured continuously through the whole year, while sulfuric acid and ammonia were measured seasonally with two chemical ionization mass spectrometers. Strong NPF events were more frequently found during the spring and fall and less frequently during the summer and winter. The median of measured sulfuric acid was higher in spring (5.2 × 10 6 cm −3 ) and summer (2.9 × 10 6 cm −3 ) than in winter (6 × 10 5 cm −3 ) and fall (5 × 10 5 cm −3 ). We have used the inverse model Particle Growth and Nucleation to derive aerosol nucleation and growth rates from the measured aerosol size distributions. Nucleation rates derived during the NPF events ranged from 1.4 to 12.9 cm −3 s −1 and were proportional to the measured sulfuric acid concentration with a power of 0.6-2.3. Our results show that sulfuric acid is an important aerosol nucleation precursor, but only a small fraction of the aerosol growth rates could be explained by the condensation of sulfuric acid alone. Ammonia mixing ratios did not have a diurnal trend but had some seasonal variations, higher in spring than in fall and winter, typically at sub-ppbv level; aerosol nucleation rates did not show a clear correlation with ammonia at least at this sub-ppbv level, mostly because the ammonia mixing ratios were nearly constant. Our observations also indicate that the role that ammonia plays in aerosol nucleation is more complicated than is currently understood by the aerosol nucleation theories.Citation: Erupe, M. E., et al. (2010), Correlation of aerosol nucleation rate with sulfuric acid and ammonia in Kent, Ohio: An atmospheric observation,

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Nucleation mode particles in upslope valley winds at Mount Norikura, Japan: Implications for the vertical extent of new particle formation events in the lower troposphere

Cited by 40 publications

References 53 publications

New particle formation infrequently observed in Himalayan foothills – why?

New particle formation infrequently observed in Himalayan foothills – why?

Long term particle size distribution measurements at Mount Waliguan, a high-altitude site in inland China

Correlation of aerosol nucleation rate with sulfuric acid and ammonia in Kent, Ohio: An atmospheric observation

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