Nucleation Mode Formation in Heavy-Duty Diesel Exhaust with and without a Particulate Filter

Vaaraslahti, K.; Virtanen, Annele; Ristimäki, Jyrki; Keskinen, Jorma

doi:10.1021/es0353255

Cited by 162 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This data were omitted from results. In the laboratory and chase measurements the nucleation mode existence and peak diameter show great variation (Kittelson et al, 2004;Vaaraslahti et al, 2004;Rönkkö et al, 2006). The reported traffic related nucleation mode GMDs measured in roadside or traffic tunnel have a surprisingly constant values close to 20 nm.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Road-side Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Sakurai et al (2003b) estimated a density of 0.8 g/cm 3 for these compounds. In addition, the nucleation mode formation is connected to the sulphate formation, especially when oxidation catalyst is used (Lepperhof, 2001;Maricq et al, 2002;Vaaraslahti et al, 2004). According to studies of Vogt et al(2003); Gieshaskiel et al (2005) the sulphuric acidwater nucleation seems to have an important role in the nucleation mode formation.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Road-side Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Imhof et al (2005a); Janhäll et al (2004); Ketzel et al (2004) and Wåhlin et al (2001) the size distributions measured at the roadside were dominated by nucleation mode particles with a relatively constant peak size of 20 nm. In laboratory and chase measurements the nucleation mode existence and peak diameter show great variation (Kittelson et al, 2004;Vaaraslahti et al, 2004;Rönkkö et al, 2006). The geometric standard deviation (GSD) of the nucleation mode measured in the engine laboratory is typically around 1.3-1.7.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Winter and summer time size distributions and densities of traffic-related aerosol particles at a busy highway in Helsinki

et al. 2006

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Abstract. Number concentrations and size distributions of traffic related aerosol particles were measured at a roadside in Helsinki during two winter campaigns (10-26 February 2003, 28 January-12 February 2004 and two summer campaigns (12-27 August 2003, 6-20 August 2004. The measurements were performed simultaneously at distances of 9 m and 65 m from the highway. Total number concentrations were measured by a condensation particle counter (CPC) and particle size distributions by a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and an electrical low pressure impactor (ELPI). This study concentrates on data that were measured when the wind direction was from the road to the measurement site. The total concentrations in the wintertime were 2-3 times higher than in the summertime and the concentrations were dominated by nucleation mode particles. The particles smaller than 63 nm (aerodynamic diameter) constituted ∼90% of all particles in the wintertime and ∼80% of particles in the summer time. The particle total concentration increased with increasing traffic rate. The effect of traffic rate on particles smaller than 63 nm was stronger than on the larger particles. The particle distributions at the roadside consisted of two distinguishable modes. The geometric mean diameter (GMD) of nucleation mode (Mode 1) was 20.3 nm in summer and 18.9 nm in winter. The GMD of the larger mode consisting mostly of traffic related soot particles (Mode 2) was 72.0 nm in summer and 75.1 nm in winter. The GMD values of the modes did not depend on the traffic rate. The average particle density for each mode was determined by a parallel density fitting method based on the size distribution measurement made by ELPI and SMPS. The average density value for Mode 1 particles Correspondence to: A. Virtanen (annele.virtanen@tut.fi) was 1.0±0.13 g/cm 3 and 1.0±0.07 g/cm 3 both in summer and winter respectively, while the average density value for Mode 2 was 1.5±0.1 g/cm 3 and 1.8±0.3 g/cm 3 for summer and winter, respectively.

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Section: Characteristics Of Road-side Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Characteristics Of Road-side Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Winter and summer time size distributions and densities of traffic-related aerosol particles at a busy highway in Helsinki

et al. 2006

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“…Thus, changes in ambient temperature and gas-phase 348 T. KUHN ET AL. concentrations of these components can affect the measured particle size distributions due to evaporation or condensation. For this reason, it has been shown that the particle size distributions determined by dynamometer testing are dependent on the dilution ratios and dilution air conditions of the sampling apparatus (Holmen and Qu 2004;Lyyranen et al 2004;Vaaraslahti et al 2002). Road tunnel sampling is also subject to the unusual dilution and temperature conditions found in the tunnel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Chemical Characteristics and Volatility of PM in the Proximity of a Light-Duty Vehicle Freeway

Kühn¹,

Biswas

Fine

et al. 2005

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…Former investigations on particle volatile mainly focused on the effects of fuel sulfur content, which have been well reported (Maricq et al, 2002;Vaaraslahti et al, 2004;Ristovski et al, 2006;Rönkkö et al, 2007) and induced the tightening up of diesel sulfur content. In China, the national standard of diesel fuel follows the standard EN590.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel on the Particulate Emissions and Particle Volatility of a DI Diesel Engine

Tian

Cheung

Huang

2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The effect of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil on the particulate emissions of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine was investigated experimentally and the results were compared with two diesel fuels, namely, an ultra low sulfur diesel fuel with less than 10-ppm-wt of sulfur (ULSD) and a low sulfur diesel fuel with 400-ppm-wt of sulfur (LSD). For each fuel, the number and mass based particle emissions, as well as the particle volatility, were evaluated and compared. The particulate mass emissions were measured with a tapered element oscillating balance (TEOM) and further divided into different size bins using a micro-orifice uniform deposition impactor (MOUDI). The particle number concentration and size distribution were measured with a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). The size-segregated samples collected with the MOUDI were further analyzed with a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) to obtain the mass of volatile substances in each size bin. The SMPS was further connected in series with a thermodenuder (TD) to obtain the number concentration and size distribution of non-volatile particles, and hence the number concentration and size distribution of the volatile particles. The results indicate that the biodiesel could effectively reduce the particle mass and number concentrations, including the volatile substances, in all the measured size range, compared with LSD. Compared with ULSD, there is also a reduction in the particle mass and number concentrations, however, a higher concentration of volatile substances was found with the use of biodiesel, which should be a concern in the application of this fuel.

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Nucleation Mode Formation in Heavy-Duty Diesel Exhaust with and without a Particulate Filter

Cited by 162 publications

References 27 publications

Winter and summer time size distributions and densities of traffic-related aerosol particles at a busy highway in Helsinki

Winter and summer time size distributions and densities of traffic-related aerosol particles at a busy highway in Helsinki

Physical and Chemical Characteristics and Volatility of PM in the Proximity of a Light-Duty Vehicle Freeway

Influence of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel on the Particulate Emissions and Particle Volatility of a DI Diesel Engine

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