Nucleation and growth of apatite on chemically treated titanium alloy: an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study

Surface modification of titanium, titanium alloys, and related materials for biomedical applications

“…Since Kim and Kokubo et al introduced the alkali and heat treatment to improve the bioactivity of titanium and its alloys, many researchers have further investigated the mechanism and optimized the treatment process for better bioactivity [99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106]. Lee et al [92] investigated the bioactivity and surface changes on surface treated Ti-In-Nb-Ta and commercial Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloys by in vitro tests using simulated body fluids.…”

Nanocomposite hydroxyapatite formation on a Ti–13Nb–13Zr alloy exposed in a MEM cell culture medium and the effect of H2O2 addition

“…Calcium compounds, especially hydroxyapatite (HA), are known to promote osseointegration and surface treatments that favour the growth of these compounds on titanium and titanium alloys and are the subject of much current research on biomaterials [1,2,[12][13][14]. Many workers studying osseointegration of Ti alloys agreed that the formation of a rougher gel-like layer with a high surface area and increased concentration of Ti-OH surface species, on the outer surface of the passive film of Ti, is important in promoting the growth of apatite [1,2].…”

“…Many workers studying osseointegration of Ti alloys agreed that the formation of a rougher gel-like layer with a high surface area and increased concentration of Ti-OH surface species, on the outer surface of the passive film of Ti, is important in promoting the growth of apatite [1,2]. Such surface active groups can be formed by different methods; for instance, NaOH treatments have been employed [12,13]. Wang et al [12] exposed Ti in a 5 M NaOH solution at 60 °C for 24 hours and suggested that this treatment results in the formation of an outer sodium titanate gel layer.…”

“…Such surface active groups can be formed by different methods; for instance, NaOH treatments have been employed [12,13]. Wang et al [12] exposed Ti in a 5 M NaOH solution at 60 °C for 24 hours and suggested that this treatment results in the formation of an outer sodium titanate gel layer. Subsequent immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) (a solution containing inorganic ions in concentrations similar to that of human blood plasma) induced bone-like apatite formation.…”

Elektrochemische Abscheidung von Ca(OH)2 auf Titan zur Unterstützung der Osteointegration

“…Biomimetic deposition of HA is often based on NaOH surface treatments [11,23]. Na + ions inserted in the surface are substituted afterwards in the media by Ca 2+ ions [10,25]. In the following step HA is formed.…”