Nucleases of bacterial pathogens as virulence factors, therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers

Sharma, Prince; Garg, Nisha; Sharma, Anshul; Capalash, Neena; Singh, Ravinder

doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2019.151354

Cited by 24 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…The staphylococcal nuclease is a well-characterized nuclease from Staphylococcus aureus, in which this enzyme is secreted to degrade extracellular nucleic acids (Kiedrowski et al 2014). On the other hand, colicin-DNases are secreted nucleases and have been observed to kill non-self-target cells and enhance survival under stress in E. coli (Yang 2011;Sharma et al 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of crop species on DNase-producing bacteria in two soils

Kamino

Gulden

2021

Ann Microbiol

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Purpose Extracellular deoxyribonucleases (exDNases) from microbial origin contribute substantially to the restriction of extracellular DNA (exDNA) in the soil. Hence, it is imperative to understand the diversity of bacterial species capable of performing this important soil function and how crop species influence their dynamics in the soil. The present study investigates the occurrence of DNase-producing bacteria (DPB) in leachate samples obtained from soils in which the crop species of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), canola (Brassica napus L.), soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were raised in a growth room. Methods Selective media containing methyl green indicator was used to screen for DPB from leachate samples, whereas the 16S rRNA sequence analysis was employed to identify the isolates. Results The proportion of culturable DPB ranged between 5.72 and 40.01%; however, we did observe specific crop effects that shifted throughout the growing period. In general, higher proportions of exDNase producers were observed when the soils had lower nutrient levels. On using the 16S rRNA to classify the DPB isolates, most isolates were found to be members of the Bacillus genera, while other groups included Chryseobacterium, Fictibacillus, Flavobacterium, Microbacterium, Nubsella, Pseudomonas, Psychrobacillus, Rheinheimera, Serratia and Stenotrophomonas. Five candidate exDNase/nuclease-encoding proteins were also identified from Bacillus mycoides genomes using online databases. Conclusion Results from this study showed that crop species, growth stage and soil properties were important factors shaping the populations of DPB in leachate samples; however, soil properties seemed to have a greater influence on the trends observed on these bacterial populations. It may be possible to target soil indigenous bacteria that produce exDNases through management to decrease potential unintended effects of transgenes originating from genetically modified organisms (GMOs) or other introduced nucleic acid sequences in the environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of crop species on DNase-producing bacteria in two soils

Kamino

Gulden

2021

Ann Microbiol

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“…This is an enzyme which selectively cleaves DNA and has been used to hydrolyze the DNA present in sputum/mucus of cystic fibrosis patients and reduces viscosity in the lungs promoting clearance of secretions [199]. Nucleases perform various functions like acquiring nucleotide nutrients, allowing or preventing uptake of foreign DNA, controlling biofilm formation/dispersal/architecture, aiding some pathogens in invading host by tissue damage, degrading DNA matrixes, and immunomodulating the host immune response [200][201][202]. Studies have demonstrated the destructive effect of DNase on DNA-nucleoprotein, and immune complexes, providing a rational way to interfere with the disease processes in SLE and lupus nephritis [203].…”

Section: Nucleases and Netsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thammavongsa et al reported that S. aureus escapes these defenses by converting NETs to deoxyadenosine, which triggers the caspase-3-mediated death of immune cells [212].Thus, the pathogenesis of S. aureus infections has evolved to anticipate host defenses and to repurpose them for the destruction of the immune system [213,214]. Secretory nucleases also provide means of survival to other bacteria like iron-reducing Shewanella and such functions help them adapt and survive proficiently [200]. Other than their pro-pathogen roles in survival, nucleases can be used directly as therapeutics due to their biological functions and medical applications in diagnosis, immunoprophylaxis, and autoimmune therapy.…”

Section: Nucleases and Netsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in Disease: Potential Anti-NETs Therapeutics

Mutua

Gershwin

2020

Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol

279

205

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Activated neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in response to a variety of stimuli. NETosis is driven by protein-arginine deiminase type 4, with the release of intracellular granule components that function by capturing and destroying microbes, including viral, fungal, bacterial, and protozoal pathogens. The positive effects of pathogen control are countered by pro-inflammatory effects as demonstrated in a variety of diseases. Components of NETS are non-specific, and other than controlling microbes, they cause injury to surrounding tissue by themselves or by increasing the pro-inflammatory response. NETs can play a role in enhancement of the inflammation seen in autoimmune diseases including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosis. In addition, autoinflammatory diseases such as gout have been associated with NETosis. Inhibition of NETs may decrease the severity of many diseases improving survival. Herein, we describe NETosis in different diseases focusing on the detrimental effect of NETs and outline possible therapeutics that can be used to mitigate netosis. There is a need for more studies and clinical trials on these and other compounds that could prevent or destroy NETs, thereby decreasing damage to patients.

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“…Nowadays the chemical composition of the biofilm matrix is known for most pathogenic microbes, and so, a viable option would be to disperse biofilm-enclosed bacterial cells by degrading the matrix. One major component of many bacterial biofilms is eDNA, and bacteria produce their own nucleases to digest the eDNA for, among other ends, dispersing the biofilm matrix depending on environmental conditions [329]. Many strategies were employed in previous studies, such as artificial upregulation of bacterial nucleases and treatment of biofilms with exogenous DNase, which were successful in dispersing biofilms [329].…”

Section: Therapeutical Intervention Strategies Against Bacterial Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One major component of many bacterial biofilms is eDNA, and bacteria produce their own nucleases to digest the eDNA for, among other ends, dispersing the biofilm matrix depending on environmental conditions [329]. Many strategies were employed in previous studies, such as artificial upregulation of bacterial nucleases and treatment of biofilms with exogenous DNase, which were successful in dispersing biofilms [329]. As such, nucleases have potential to become therapeutic agents in a similar way to quorum quenching agents, destroying the protective matrix, and rendering bacteria sensitive to other treatments.…”

Section: Therapeutical Intervention Strategies Against Bacterial Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilms by bacterial human pathogens: Clinical relevance - development, composition and regulation - therapeutical strategies

Schulze¹,

Mitterer²,

Pombo³

et al. 2021

Microb Cell

117

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Notably, bacterial biofilm formation is increas-ingly recognized as a passive virulence factor facilitating many infectious disease processes. In this review we will focus on bacterial biofilms formed by human pathogens and highlight their relevance for diverse diseases. Along biofilm composition and regulation emphasis is laid on the intensively studied biofilms of Vibrio cholerae, Pseu-domonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus spp., which are commonly used as biofilm model organisms and therefore contribute to our general understanding of bacterial bio-film (patho-)physiology. Finally, therapeutical interven-tion strategies targeting biofilms will be discussed.

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Nucleases of bacterial pathogens as virulence factors, therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers

Cited by 24 publications

References 100 publications

The effect of crop species on DNase-producing bacteria in two soils

The effect of crop species on DNase-producing bacteria in two soils

A Review of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in Disease: Potential Anti-NETs Therapeutics

Biofilms by bacterial human pathogens: Clinical relevance - development, composition and regulation - therapeutical strategies

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