Nuclear techniques applied to air particulate matter studies

Zeisler, Rolf; Haselberger, N.; Makarewicz, M.; Ogris, R.; Parr, R. M.; Stone, Susan; Valković, Ozren; Valković, V.; Wehrstein, Edith

doi:10.1007/bf02055341

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…3, it can be seen that for Br and Cl concentration obtained by PIXE were lower than the distribution by INAA. Loss of these elements was already observed and discussed by other authors and several possible explanations have been given [17]. Most likely these elements were volatized to a certain extend during the PIXE bombardment of the samples [16] [18,19,20].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Analytical Methods INAA and PIXE Applied to Characterization of Airborne Particulate Matter in Bandung, Indonesia

Lestiani

Santoso

2011

Atom Indo.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Urbanization and industrial growth have deteriorated air quality and are major cause to air pollution. Air pollution through fine and ultra-fine particles is a serious threat to human health. The source of air pollution must be known quantitatively by elemental characterization, in order to design the appropriate air quality management. The suitable methods for analysis the airborne particulate matter such as nuclear analytical techniques are hardly needed to solve the air pollution problem. The objectives of this study are to apply the nuclear analytical techniques to airborne particulate samples collected in Bandung, to assess the accuracy and to ensure the reliable of analytical results through the comparison of instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and particles induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Particle samples in the PM 2.5 and PM 2.5-10 ranges have been collected in Bandung twice a week for 24 hours using a Gent stacked filter unit. The result showed that generally there was a systematic difference between INAA and PIXE results, which the values obtained by PIXE were lower than values determined by INAA. INAA is generally more sensitive and reliable than PIXE for Na, Al, Cl, V, Mn, Fe, Br and I, therefore INAA data are preffered, while PIXE usually gives better precision than INAA for Mg, K, Ca, Ti and Zn. Nevertheless, both techniques provide reliable results and complement to each other. INAA is still a prospective method, while PIXE with the special capabilities is a promising tool that could contribute and complement the lack of NAA in determination of lead, sulphur and silicon. The combination of INAA and PIXE can advantageously be used in air pollution studies to extend the number of important elements measured as key elements in source apportionment.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Analytical Methods INAA and PIXE Applied to Characterization of Airborne Particulate Matter in Bandung, Indonesia

Lestiani

Santoso

2011

Atom Indo.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…TSPs were settled down on 125 mm cellulose filter (Whatman 41) [20]. For sample analysis and determination of trace elements, NAA method was used [21]. Based on this method, the samples were prepared for two groups, the elements with short half-life and long half-life [22].…”

Section: Sample Collection Preparation and Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Trace Element Concentrations in Ambient Air of Industrial and Residential Areas in Tehran City

Sekhavatjou

Alhashemi

Rostami

2011

Biol Trace Elem Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tehran is densely populated possessing unhealthy and polluted air. There are 22 municipality districts in Tehran, and considerable numbers of industries are located within each district. Due to adverse environmental and health effects of trace elements in urban air, this study has been carried out to measure and compare concentration of trace elements including Ag, As, Br, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Mn, Hf, La, Sb, Sc, Sm, Th, and Zn in industrial (district 21) and residential (district 22) areas. For this purpose, total suspended particles were collected in two different time intervals in the year 2008. As a result, maximum and minimum concentrations in residential area associated with Mn (2.9 μg/m(3)) and Hf (2.92 × 10(-4) μg/m(3)), respectively. Also, in industrial sites, these concentrations are higher for Mn (4.79 × 10(-1) μg/m(3)) and Hf (6.65 × 10(-4) μg/m(3)). The concentrations of Mn (2.07 μg/m(3)) and Hf (7.46 × 10(-4) μg/m(3)) in traffic zone are close to residential values. General, concentrations of Ce, Co, Cs, La, Sc, Sm, Th, Br, and Hf in industrial area were higher than in residential area. The source of these elements in Tehran's air is mainly anthropogenic. According to the achieved results, the concentration levels of As, Cr, and Zn were close together in both residential and industrial zones. Therefore, these elements could have been originated from natural sources. Also, results show that levels of Ag, Mn, Sb, and Cu in residential area were higher than in industrial area. Finally, obtained data indicated that the trends of average concentration of trace elements in industrial area (from low to high) follow as Hf

show abstract

“…In our case of PM-10/PM-2.5 filter samples, the non-destructive nature of the analytical techniques as well as their use of only fractions of the total sample, made the utilization of the first two approaches to quality assessment straightforward and evaluated results have been reported. 4 However, the analysis of CRMs had limited utility. Due to the general lack of reference materials similar to the actual samples taken, i.e., there exist only a small number of artificially spiked filter substrates and a few bulk samples with much larger sample sizes certified for use (e.g., SRM 1648), only 1NAA provided comprehensive data on a common biological CRM: SRM 1572, Citrus Leaves.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On achieving measurement quality in air pollution studies employing nuclear techniques

Zeisler

Heller-Zeisler

Fajgelj

1998

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Instrumental neutron activation, proton induced X-ray emission and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence procedures were employed for trace element determinations in samples of fractionated air particulate matter deposited on filters. The techniques are well suited to analyse the generally small samples. However, indications of bias between techniques were found in the analysis of individual filters. This may be rectified with the development of matched reference materials. The three techniques were used in this work to determine trace elements in bulk samples of air particulate matter and in a set of intercomparison samples of fine air particulate matter on filters. The test results on these materials showed good agreement among the employed techniques and demonstrated the quality potential of air particulate analyses. 1IntroductionDespite the several decades of analytical research in air particulate matter characterization, the determination of the chemical composition of air particulate matter is not a trivial task and therefore research on effects and causes of pollution by air particulate matter also faces difficulties in the analytical investigations; quantitative chemical analysis results are often not readily accepted due to the complex nature of the determinations. The focus of many current studies has been on relating health effects to size-fractionated air particulate matter, especially on the air particulate matter with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter (AED) of less than 10 p.m, which constitute "inhalable particles" (called PM-10 particles), 1 and further to particles with AED less than or equal to 2.5 p.m (PM-2.5), which are considered the high risk respirable fraction. These studies are complicated by the generally small amounts of samples available and the large number of samples needed for a representative characterization of the ambient atmosphere, the need for multi-parameter characterization in a complex matrix, and the form in which most commonly samples are obtained from the ambient air, namely as deposits on filters or impactor foils.Sampling and sample parameters and analytical requirements have contributed to the dominance of three techniques in the field of PM-10 characterization: instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and energydispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (ED-XRF). All techniques are capable of instrumental multi-element characterizations and are generally carried out nondestructively with PIXE and XRF determinations often employed to provide relative instead of absolute quantitative information. These techniques were commonly established only in highly specialized institutes with a limited number of physicists and chemists carrying out the analytical work, therefore being limited in capacity for the air pollution studies. Due to the increased demand for the characterization of airborne pollutants in ever more countries around the globe, new institutions and new (nuclear physics) instrumentation have been entering the field to...

show abstract

Nuclear techniques applied to air particulate matter studies

Cited by 16 publications

References 2 publications

Analytical Methods INAA and PIXE Applied to Characterization of Airborne Particulate Matter in Bandung, Indonesia

Analytical Methods INAA and PIXE Applied to Characterization of Airborne Particulate Matter in Bandung, Indonesia

Comparison of Trace Element Concentrations in Ambient Air of Industrial and Residential Areas in Tehran City

On achieving measurement quality in air pollution studies employing nuclear techniques

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About