Nuclear staining of<i>Paracoccidioides brasiliensis</i>conidia

McEwen, Juan G.; Restrepo, Blanca I.; Salazar, María Elena; Restrepo, Ángela

doi:10.1080/02681218780000411

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It presents some degree of phenotypic variability; some of them retaining the yeast form even at lower temperatures [6]. Several isolates also differ in their ability to sporulate [7] and cause disease [8]. These presumably reflect a corresponding degree of genetic diversity, which has been supported by recent data [8].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Insights into the pathobiology of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis from transcriptome analysis—advances and perspectives

et al. 2008

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Paracoccidioiddes brasiliensis is a thermodimorphic fungus endemic to Latin America, where it causes the most prevalent systemic mycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). DNA microarray technology has been used to identify patterns of gene expression when a microbe is confronted with conditions of interest, such as in vitro and/or ex vivo interaction with specific cells. P. brasiliensis is one organism that has benefited from this approach. Even though its genome has not been sequenced yet, much has been discovered from its transcriptome and DNA array analyses. In this review, we will outline the current knowledge in P. brasiliensis transcriptome, with focus on differential expression analysis in vitro and on the discussion of the genes that are controlled during the host-pathogen interaction ex vivo in order to give insights into the pathobiology of this fungus. In vitro experiments enabled the delineation of whole metabolic pathways; the description of differential metabolism between mycelium and yeast cells and of the mainly signaling pathways controlling dimorphism, high temperature growth, thermal and oxidative stress, and virulence/ pathogenicity. Recent ex vivo experiments provided advances on the comprehension of the plasticity of response and indicate that P. brasiliensis is not only able to undergo fast and dramatic expression profile changes but can also discern subtle differences, such as whether it is being attacked by a macrophage or submitted to the bloodstream route conditions.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Insights into the pathobiology of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis from transcriptome analysis—advances and perspectives

et al. 2008

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“…Genome content of P. brasiliensis conidia P. brasiliensis conidia are uninucleated structures generally accepted to be the natural infectious form of this dimorphic fungus and its morphological switch to the pathogenic yeast leads to the appearance of multinucleated cells, raising questions on the occurrence of ploidy shifts during this transition (McEwen et al, 1987;Aristizabal et al, 1998). In this sense, we have adapted the protocol for cell cycle proWle analysis of yeast cells (Almeida et al, 2006) to determine the genome size of these structures in P. brasiliensis ATCC 60855.…”

Section: Genome Size Of Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis Yeast Formmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These highly resistant structures most likely act as infectious propagules being inhaled into the lungs where the initial transformation to the distinctive pathogenic multiple budding yeast phase occurs. Both the yeast and mycelial form are characterized by their multinucleate nature, whereas conidia are uninucleated structures (McEwen et al, 1987;Queiroz-Telles, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome size and ploidy of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis reveals a haploid DNA content: Flow cytometry and GP43 sequence analysis

Almeida¹,

Matute²,

Carmona³

et al. 2007

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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The aim of this study was to evaluate genome size and ploidy of the dimorphic pathogenic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. The cell cycle analysis of 10 P. brasiliensis isolates by flow cytometry (FCM) revealed a genome size ranging from 26.3+/-0.1Mb (26.9+/-0.1fg) to 35.5+/-0.2Mb (36.3+/-0.2fg) per uninucleated yeast cell. The DNA content of conidia from P. brasiliensis ATCC 60855-30.2+/-0.8Mb (30.9+/-0.8fg) -showed no significant differences with the yeast form, possibly excluding the occurrence of ploidy shift during morphogenesis. The ploidy of several P. brasiliensis isolates was assessed by comparing genome sizing by FCM with the previously described average haploid size obtained from electrophoretic karyotyping. The analysis of intra-individual variability of a highly polymorphic P. brasiliensis gene, GP43, indicated that only one allele seems to be present. Overall, the results showed that all analysed isolates presented a haploid, or at least aneuploid, DNA content and no association was detected between genome size/ploidy and the clinical-epidemiological features of the studied isolates. This work provides new knowledge on P. brasiliensis genetics/genomics, important for future research in basic cellular/molecular mechanisms and for the development/design of molecular techniques in this fungus.

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“…Conidia are uninucleated, but when incubated at 37°C their transformation into yeasts results in multinucleated cells (185). According to , these uninucleate propagules are produced from mycelial growth only under the stress created by adverse environmental conditions such as lack of water and nutrients.…”

Section: Etiologic Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paracoccidioidomycosis: an update

1993

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This review summarizes knowledge on various aspects of paracoccidioidomycosis. Mycelial propagules, chlamydospores, and arthroconidia exhibit thermal dimorphism; arthroconidia are infectious in animals and, by electron microscopy, appear well provided for survival. The mycelial-to-yeast-phase transformation requires a strict control of glucan synthesis probably mediated by membrane enzymes. Hormonal influences on the transformation of the fungus (mycelium or conidium to yeast phase) have been demonstrated. Estrogen-binding proteins have been detected in the fungal cytosol, and during the transformation novel proteins are produced as a result of estradiol incorporation. Clinical forms have been better defined on the basis of better experimental models. Emphasis has been placed on the lungs as the portal of entry and on the existence of silent pulmonary infections. A specific Paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigen, the 43-kDa glycoprotein (Gp43), has been identified, characterized, and cloned. This has led to improved reproducibility and specificity of serologic tests. The depression of cell-mediated immune responses has been associated with severe disease in humans and in the experimental host. T-cell subsets in patients' tissues were characterized by means of monoclonal antibodies, and a reduced CD4/CD8 ratio was demonstrated. This has been related to alterations in lymphokine and tumor necrosis factor production, production of antigen-antibody complexes, etc. Amphotericin B has provided effective therapy. Azole derivatives have also improved prognosis and facilitated therapy. Itraconazole is presently the drug of choice, yet incapacitating sequelae (mainly pulmonary fibrosis) still constitute major problems.

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Nuclear staining ofParacoccidioides brasiliensisconidia

Cited by 25 publications

References 5 publications

Insights into the pathobiology of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis from transcriptome analysis—advances and perspectives

Insights into the pathobiology of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis from transcriptome analysis—advances and perspectives

Genome size and ploidy of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis reveals a haploid DNA content: Flow cytometry and GP43 sequence analysis

Paracoccidioidomycosis: an update

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