Nuclear-spin-dependent coherent population trapping of single nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

Golter, D. Andrew; Dinyari, Khodadad Nima; Wang, Hailin

doi:10.1103/physreva.87.035801

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In addition to coherent processes such as excitation from the two driving fields, the master equation also accounts for spontaneous decays of charge and spin with some rates known from independent experiments. In the idealized, long-time limit case, with only one excited level included, the resulting eigenvector with eigenvalue 0 corresponds to the dark state: jDae = cos À θ=2 Á 0 g ae − e ∓iϕ sin À θ=2 Á + 1 g ae; [4] where the upper (lower) sign holds for the single excited-state level being E = R (E = L). In actuality, the steady state is described by a mixed state, which can deviate slightly from jD〉〈Dj.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-optical control of a solid-state spin using coherent dark states

Yale

Buckley

Christle

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

120

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The study of individual quantum systems in solids, for use as quantum bits (qubits) and probes of decoherence, requires protocols for their initialization, unitary manipulation, and readout. In many solid-state quantum systems, these operations rely on disparate techniques that can vary widely depending on the particular qubit structure. One such qubit, the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center spin in diamond, can be initialized and read out through its special spin-selective intersystem crossing, while microwave electron spin resonance techniques provide unitary spin rotations. Instead, we demonstrate an alternative, fully optical approach to these control protocols in an NV center that does not rely on its intersystem crossing. By tuning an NV center to an excited-state spin anticrossing at cryogenic temperatures, we use coherent population trapping and stimulated Raman techniques to realize initialization, readout, and unitary manipulation of a single spin. Each of these techniques can be performed directly along any arbitrarily chosen quantum basis, removing the need for extra control steps to map the spin to and from a preferred basis. Combining these protocols, we perform measurements of the NV center's spin coherence, a demonstration of this full optical control. Consisting solely of optical pulses, these techniques enable control within a smaller footprint and within photonic networks. Likewise, this unified approach obviates the need for both electron spin resonance manipulation and spin addressability through the intersystem crossing. This method could therefore be applied to a wide range of potential solid-state qubits, including those which currently lack a means to be addressed. quantum control | quantum optics | semiconductor defects | spintronics T o explore control of individual quantum states, our experiments exploit coherent dark resonances that occur in a basic quantum mechanical-level configuration known as a lambda (Λ) system. This configuration, consisting of two lower energy states coherently coupled to a single excited state, has been observed in a wide array of systems including atoms (1), trapped ions, diamond nitrogenvacancy (NV) centers (2-4), quantum dots (5), superconducting phase quantum bits (qubits) (6), and optomechanical resonators (7). In trapped ions, Λ systems can additionally be exploited to drive stimulated Raman transitions (SRTs) providing unitary rotations of the qubit state (8, 9). This versatile structure also forms the framework for a variety of other important advances in quantum science such as electromagnetically induced transparency (10), slow light (11), atomic clocks (12), laser cooling (13), and spin-photon entanglement (14).Here, we use time-resolved methods and quantum state tomography to explore the dynamics of various optically driven processes within a solid-state Λ system (Fig. 1A). This allows us to demonstrate three all-optical quantum control (9, 15, 16) protocols for a single NV center: initialization, unitary rotation, and readout of its spin state. Our Λ s...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-optical control of a solid-state spin using coherent dark states

Yale

Buckley

Christle

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

120

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“…These systems can be optically driven generating control over the GS spin levels. Within this Ã system, coherent population trapping (CPT) is a method to prepare a coherent superposition of the GS, known as the dark state, and has been demonstrated in individual NV À centers [106]- [108] [ Fig. 6(a)].…”

Section: Controlling the Nv Center With Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of Spin Defects in Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors for Quantum Technologies

2016

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| Deep-level defects are usually considered undesirable in semiconductors as they typically interfere with the performance of present-day electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, the electronic spin states of certain atomicscale defects have recently been shown to be promising quantum bits for quantum information processing as well as exquisite nanoscale sensors due to their local environmental sensitivity. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in quantum control protocols of several of these spin defects, the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV À ) center in diamond and a variety of forms of the neutral divacancy ðVV 0 Þ complex in silicon carbide (SiC). These defects exhibit a spintriplet ground state that can be controlled through a variety of techniques, several of which allow for room temperature operation. Microwave control has enabled sophisticated decoupling schemes to extend coherence times as well as nanoscale sensing of temperature along with magnetic and electric fields. On the other hand, photonic control of these spin states has provided initial steps toward integration into quantum networks, including entanglement, quantum state teleportation, and all-optical control. Electrical and mechanical control also suggest pathways to develop quantum transducers and quantum hybrid systems. The versatility of the control mechanisms demonstrated should facilitate the development of quantum technologies based on these spin defects.

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“…CPT has been realized in NV centers [32][33][34][35]. All optical control of electron spins via a dark state has also been explored recently by tuning a NV center to an excited-state spin anticrossing [36].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Optical pulses of and relative detuning between these two fields were generated with acousto-optic modulators. Detailed information of the NV center used has been presented in an earlier study on CPT of electron spins [35].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optically Driven Rabi Oscillations and Adiabatic Passage of Single Electron Spins in Diamond

Golter

Wang

2014

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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Rabi oscillations and adiabatic passage of single electron spins in a diamond nitrogen vacancy center are demonstrated with two Raman-resonant optical pulses that are detuned from the respective dipole optical transitions. We show that the optical spin control is nuclear-spin selective and can be robust against rapid decoherence, including radiative decay and spectral diffusion, of the underlying optical transitions. A direct comparison between the Rabi oscillation and the adiabatic passage, along with a detailed theoretical analysis, provides significant physical insights into the connections and differences between these coherent spin processes and also elucidates the role of spectral diffusion in these processes. The optically driven coherent spin processes enable the use of nitrogen vacancy excited states to mediate coherent spin-phonon coupling, opening the door to combining optical control of both spin and mechanical degrees of freedom.

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Nuclear-spin-dependent coherent population trapping of single nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

All-optical control of a solid-state spin using coherent dark states

All-optical control of a solid-state spin using coherent dark states

Control of Spin Defects in Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors for Quantum Technologies

Optically Driven Rabi Oscillations and Adiabatic Passage of Single Electron Spins in Diamond

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