Nuclear safety aspects on the road towards fusion energy

Perrault, Didier

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.11.053

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…In fusion reactors, the radioactive source terms are mainly tritium, dust and ACPs, and they are widely distributed in vacuum vessel, tritium cycle system and cooling system. The total activity is approximately several orders of magnitude lower than that of a PWR with same power 46 . Moreover, the radiotoxicity of the radioactive source terms is lower than that in fission reactors.…”

Section: Quantitative Safety Goals Proposed For Fusion Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Quantitative safety goals for fusion power plants: Rationales and suggestions

Wang

Chen

et al. 2021

Int J Energy Res

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Section: Quantitative Safety Goals Proposed For Fusion Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The total activity is approximately several orders of magnitude lower than that of a PWR with same power. 46 Moreover, the radiotoxicity of the radioactive source terms is lower than that in fission reactors. Thus, fusion reactor generally has less consequence comparing with fission reactor.…”

Section: Probabilistic Safety Goalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative safety goals for fusion power plants: Rationales and suggestions

Wang

Chen

et al. 2021

Int J Energy Res

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“…International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor is the first fusion facility that has huge amount of radioactive inventory to pose a threat to the environmental and human health. Perrault (2019) conducted a detailed study of the safety assessment of fusion facilities. The author discussed factors such as disturbance of plasma, hazards analysis, accidents, ionizing radiation exposure, explosion, and magnetic system failures and proposed suggestions for future fusion facilities.…”

Section: Fusion Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioactive waste: A review

Deng

Zhang

Dong

et al. 2020

Water Environment Research

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The reviewed papers presented here provide a general overview of worldwide radioactive waste-related studies conducted in 2019. The current review includes studies related to safety assessments, decommission and decontamination of nuclear facilities, fusion facilities, and transportation. Further, the review highlights radioactive wastewater decontamination, management solutions for the final disposal of low-and highlevel radioactive wastes (LLRW and HLRW), interim storage and final disposal options for spent fuel (SF), and tritiated wastes, with a focus on environmental impacts due to the mobility of radionuclides in the ecosystem, water and soil along with other research progress made in the management of radioactive waste. © 2020 Water Environment Federation • Practitioner points • The release of radionuclides and their subsequent fate and transport in the environment poses public health concern and has stimulated recent research on the waste management techniques. • Seeking a safe and environmental-friendly solution is the current trend for existing and projected inventories of radioactive waste. • Significant progress in the field of geological disposal of radioactive waste has been made in the last two decades.

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“…The safety of ITER (and of other nuclear fusion systems, like the European Demonstration Power Plant (EU DEMO)) needs to be verified and proved by a rigorous assessment of the system's response to operational transients and accidental conditions, and the related (safety) gaps and issues need to be underlined [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Actually, we must avoid the plant operators, the people, and the environment being contaminated by radioactive agents, e.g., tritium and other materials activated by the neutrons generated by the nuclear fusion reactions [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metamodeling and On-Line Clustering for Loss-of-Flow Accident Precursors Identification in a Superconducting Magnet Cryogenic Cooling Circuit

et al. 2021

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In the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, plasma is magnetically confined with Superconductive Magnets (SMs) that must be maintained at the cryogenic temperature of 4.5 K by one or more Superconducting Magnet Cryogenic Cooling Circuits (SMCCC). To guarantee cooling, Loss-Of-Flow Accidents (LOFAs) in the SMCCC are to be avoided. In this work, we develop a three-step methodology for the prompt detection of LOFA precursors (i.e., those combinations of component failures causing a LOFA). First, we randomly generate accident scenarios by Monte Carlo sampling of the failures of typical SMCCC components and simulate the corresponding transient system response by a deterministic thermal-hydraulic code. In this phase, we also employ quick-running Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD)-based Kriging metamodels, adaptively trained to reproduce the output of the long-running code, to decrease the computational time. Second, we group the generated scenarios by a Spectral Clustering (SC) employing the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM), in order to identify the main patterns of system evolution towards abnormal states (e.g., a LOFA). Third, we develop an On-line Supervised Spectral Clustering (OSSC) technique to associate time-varying parameters measured during plant functioning to one of the prototypical groups obtained, which may highlight the related LOFA precursors (in terms of SMCCC components failures). We apply the proposed technique to the simplified model of a cryogenic cooling circuit of a single module of the ITER Central Solenoid Magnet (CSM). The framework developed promptly detects 95% of LOFA events and around 80% of the related precursors.

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Nuclear safety aspects on the road towards fusion energy

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Quantitative safety goals for fusion power plants: Rationales and suggestions

Quantitative safety goals for fusion power plants: Rationales and suggestions

Radioactive waste: A review

Metamodeling and On-Line Clustering for Loss-of-Flow Accident Precursors Identification in a Superconducting Magnet Cryogenic Cooling Circuit

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