Nuclear responses for neutrinos and neutrino studies by double beta decays and inverse beta decays

Abstract

This is a brief report on recent studies of nuclear responses for neutrinos ( ) by charge exchange reactions, masses by double beta (¬ ¬ ) decays and of solar and supernova 's by inverse ¬ decays. Subjects discussed include (1) studies in nuclear micro-laboratories, (2) masses studied by ¬ ¬decays of ½¼¼ Mo and nuclear responses for ¬ ¬ , (3) solar and supernova 's by inverse ¬ decays and responses for ½ Ga and ½¼¼ Mo, and (4) MOON (molybdenum observatory of neutrinos)for spectroscopic studies of Majorana masses with sensitivity of Ñ ¼ ¼¿ eV by ¬ ¬decays of ½¼¼ Mo and real-time studies of low energy solar and supernova 's by inverse ¬ decays of ½¼¼ Mo. Neutrinos studied in nuclear micro-laboratoriesNuclei with nucleons in good quantum states are used as excellent micro-laboratories for studying low energy neutrinos ( ) and fundamental weak interactions. Here nuclei are used to select and enhance particular processes relevant to properties beyond the standard theory of SU(2) Ä ¢ U(1). Actually Majorana masses, Majoron-and SUSY-couplings, right-handed 's and weak bosons, oscillations and others are studied by investigating double beta (¬ ¬) decays in nuclei, solar-and supernova-interactions (inverse ¬ decays) in nuclei, and other low energy -nuclear processes of astroparticle physics interest [1][2][3][4].Low-energy solar 's, which are major solar-components, have been so far studied by non-real-time and inclusive measurements. They do not measure the energies and thus do not identify the sources in the sun. Real-time spectroscopic studies of the low energy solar-are crucial for studies of the solar-problems. They can be carried out in nuclei by measuring inverse ¬ decays induced by the solar .Supernova 's provide excellent opportunities for studying oscillations and supernova explosion mechanisms. They can be studied also by measuring inverse ¬ decays.Nuclear responses for 's are crucial for studying fundamental properties of 's and weak interactions in nuclear micro-laboratories [1]. They are given by nuclear isospin and spin-isospin responses for vector and axial-vector weak interactions. The nuclear response 371