Nuclear response of additive manufactured GRCop-84 copper for use in Lower hybrid launchers in a fusion environment

Seltzman, Andrew; Wukitch, S.J.

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.111726

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…7). Despite the transmutation issues associated with Nb, the GRCop-84 also retains excellent structural properties after irradiation 44 and does not suffer from brittleness like W. A similar alloy without the elevated WDR would be a nearly ideal structural material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiphysics Simulations of a Steady-State Lower Hybrid Current Drive Antenna for the FSNF

Wallace

Bohm

Kessel

2021

Fusion Science and Technology

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The Fusion Nuclear Science Facility (FNSF) is a proposed tokamak reactor with the mission to investigate operation of a fusion reactor in a nuclear environment. The high neutron fluence component of the FNSF mission requires steady-state operation for extremely long pulses (t pulse , months) at full power. Plasma sustainment and current drive will be critical components of a successful FNSF. COMSOL Multiphysics® software is used for combined radiofrequency (RF) and thermal simulations of the lower hybrid current drive antenna system. These simulations consider the resistive RF losses in the antenna including realistic surface roughness and a range of potential materials. The thermal analysis adds volumetric nuclear heating, plasma heat flux on leading edges, and electromagnetic radiation from the plasma to the RF heating calculated by COMSOL. Additional neutronics calculations have been performed to determine the impact of these antenna designs on activated waste disposal for the materials considered. The simulations show that it is technically feasible to implement a fully active multijunction (FAM) rather than a passive-active multijunction (PAM) style of antenna if the septum between adjacent waveguides is sufficiently wide and the thermal conductivity of the structural material is sufficiently high. The FAM has the benefit of higher achievable power density with respect to the PAM, which results in a more compact antenna with potentially lower impact on neutron shielding and tritium breeding. These considerations point to tungsten rather than steel as the preferred structural material in constructing the antenna.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiphysics Simulations of a Steady-State Lower Hybrid Current Drive Antenna for the FSNF

Wallace

Bohm

Kessel

2021

Fusion Science and Technology

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“…Cu–Cr–Nb alloys have excellent mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and high-temperature stability. These alloys have broad application prospects in aerospace engines, nuclear power, and electrical power systems [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Cu–Cr–Nb alloys have attracted extensive attention since NASA [ 4 ] carried out research on them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Process Parameters on the Microstructure and Properties of Cu–Cr–Nb–Ti Alloy Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting

Liu

Zhou

et al. 2023

Materials

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The fabrication of high-performance copper alloys by selective laser melting (SLM) is challenging, and establishing relationships between the process parameters and microstructures is necessary. In this study, Cu–Cr–Nb–Ti alloy is manufactured by SLM, and the microstructures of the alloy are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The effects of processing parameters such as laser power and scanning speed on the relative density, defects, microstructures, mechanical properties, and electrical conductivity of the Cu–Cr–Nb–Ti alloy are studied. The optimal processing window for fabricating Cu–Cr–Nb–Ti alloy by SLM is determined. Face-centered cubic (FCC) Cu diffraction peaks shifting to small angles are observed, and there are no diffraction peaks related to the second phase. The grains of XY planes have a bimodal distribution with an average grain size of 24–55 μm. Fine second phases with sizes of less than 50 nm are obtained. The microhardness, tensile strength, and elongation of the Cu–Cr–Nb–Ti alloy manufactured using the optimum processing parameters, laser power of 325 W and scanning speed of 800 mm/s, are 139 HV0.2, 416 MPa, and 27.8%, respectively, and the electrical conductivity is 15.6% IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard). This study provides a feasible scheme for preparing copper alloys with excellent performance and complex geometries.

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“…Moreover, the formation of Zr-O structures is observed [85,86], leading to the hypothesis that Zr may be used to capture residual oxygen introduced by the powder material or the process atmosphere. Cu-Cr-Nb alloys are also increasingly being manufactured with the laser additive manufacturing technologies of L-DED [87][88][89] and L-PBF [90][91][92][93][94][95], allowing the manufacturing of dense and defect-free parts with outstanding mechanical properties [4,91,96].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, significant coarsening of Cr 2 Nb precipitations is observed in high-temperature environments [30,92], resulting in rapid degradation of the mechanical properties. In this work, we introduce nanoscale yttrium oxide nanoparticles, which are known to stabilize the microstructure and thus material strength up to high temperatures [97].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Additive Manufacturing of Oxide Dispersion-Strengthened Copper–Chromium–Niobium Alloys

Wilms

Rittinghaus

2022

JMMP

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Copper is a key material for cooling of thermally stressed components in modern aerospace propulsion systems, due to its high thermal conductivity. The use of copper materials for such applications requires both high material strength and high stability at high temperatures, which can be achieved by the concept of oxide dispersion strengthening. In the present work, we demonstrate the oxide reinforcement of two highly conductive precipitation-strengthened Cu-Cr-Nb alloys using laser additive manufacturing. Gas-atomized Cu-3.3Cr-0.5Nb and Cu-3.3Cr-1.5Nb (wt.%) powder materials are decorated with Y2O3 nanoparticles by mechanical alloying in a planetary mill and followed by consolidation by the laser additive manufacturing process of laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF). While dense specimens (>99.5%) of reinforced and nonreinforced alloys can be manufactured, oxide dispersion-strengthened alloys additionally exhibit homogeneously distributed oxide nanoparticles enriched in yttrium and chromium next to Cr2Nb precipitates present in all alloys examined. Higher niobium contents result in moderate increase of the Vickers hardness of approx. 10 HV0.3, while the homogeneously dispersed nanometer-sized oxide particles lead to a pronounced increase of approx. 30 HV0.3 in material strength compared to their nonreinforced counterparts.

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Nuclear response of additive manufactured GRCop-84 copper for use in Lower hybrid launchers in a fusion environment

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Multiphysics Simulations of a Steady-State Lower Hybrid Current Drive Antenna for the FSNF

Multiphysics Simulations of a Steady-State Lower Hybrid Current Drive Antenna for the FSNF

Effect of Process Parameters on the Microstructure and Properties of Cu–Cr–Nb–Ti Alloy Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting

Laser Additive Manufacturing of Oxide Dispersion-Strengthened Copper–Chromium–Niobium Alloys

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