Nuclear receptors and chromatin remodeling machinery

Trotter, Kevin W.; Archer, Trevor

doi:10.1016/j.mce.2006.12.015

Cited by 77 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…These transcription factors coordinate gene expression in response to hormonal and environmental signals through direct binding to specific hormone-responsive DNA elements and by recruiting several co-regulatory proteins and chromatin-remodeling complexes (Sonoda et al, 2008;Trotter and Archer, 2007). Nuclear receptors have a vital role in various biological processes, including development and metabolic homeostasis, by acting as sensors of fat-soluble hormones and dietary lipids.…”

Section: How the Circadian System Senses Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammalian circadian clock and metabolism – the epigenetic link

Bellet

Sassone–Corsi

2010

Journal of Cell Science

204

177

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Circadian rhythms regulate a wide variety of physiological and metabolic processes. The clock machinery comprises complex transcriptional–translational feedback loops that, through the action of specific transcription factors, modulate the expression of as many as 10% of cellular transcripts. This marked change in gene expression necessarily implicates a global regulation of chromatin remodeling. Indeed, various descriptive studies have indicated that histone modifications occur at promoters of clock-controlled genes (CCGs) in a circadian manner. The finding that CLOCK, a transcription factor crucial for circadian function, has intrinsic histone acetyl transferase (HAT) activity has paved the way to unraveling the molecular mechanisms that govern circadian chromatin remodeling. A search for the histone deacetylase (HDAC) that counterbalances CLOCK activity revealed that SIRT1, a nicotinamide adenin dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent HDAC, functions in a circadian manner. Importantly, SIRT1 is a regulator of aging, inflammation and metabolism. As many transcripts that oscillate in mammalian peripheral tissues encode proteins that have central roles in metabolic processes, these findings establish a functional and molecular link between energy balance, chromatin remodeling and circadian physiology. Here we review recent studies that support the existence of this link and discuss their implications for understanding mammalian physiology and pathology.

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Section: How the Circadian System Senses Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammalian circadian clock and metabolism – the epigenetic link

Bellet

Sassone–Corsi

2010

Journal of Cell Science

204

177

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“…The hippocampus also appears to express a larger number of the enzymes responsible for chromatin remodeling than other brain regions (Allen Brain Atlas: http://www.brain-map.org/) and corticosteroid receptors have been shown to associate with a number of them (30,31). It is, therefore, likely that the hippocampus will prove to be a region which is as plastic in terms of chromatin remodeling as it is in other respects.…”

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confidence: 99%

Regulation of hippocampal H3 histone methylation by acute and chronic stress

Hunter

McCarthy²,

Milne³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

261

190

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The hippocampal formation is a brain region noted for its plasticity in response to stressful events and adrenal steroid hormones. Recent work has shown that chromatin remodeling in various brain regions, including the hippocampus, is associated with the effects of stress in a variety of models. We chose to examine the effects of stress, stress duration, corticosterone administration, and fluoxetine treatment on the levels of hippocampal histone H3 methylation at lysines 4, 9, and 27, marks associated, respectively, with active transcription, heterochromatin formation, and transcriptional repression. We found that acute stress increased the levels of H3K9 tri-methylation (H3K9me3) in the dentate gyrus (DG) and CA1, while it reduced levels of H3K9 mono-methylation (H3K9me1) and H3K27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3) in the same regions, and had no effect on levels of H3K4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3). Seven days of restraint stress reduced levels of H3K4me3 in the CA1 and H3K27me3 in the DG and CA1, while increasing basal levels of H3K9me3. Chronic restraint stress (CRS) for 21 days mildly increased levels of H3K4me3 and reduced H3K9me3 levels in the DG. Treatment with fluoxetine during CRS reversed the decrease in DG H3K9me3, but had no effect on the other marks. These results show a complex, surprisingly rapid, and regionally specific pattern of chromatin remodeling within hippocampus produced by stress and anti-depressant treatment that may open an avenue of understanding the interplay of stress and hippocampal gene expression, and reveal the outlines of a potential chromatin stress response that may be diminished or degraded by chronic stress.brain ͉ chromatin ͉ corticosteroids ͉ fluoxetine

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“…ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling and posttranslational histone modification. The four major classes of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes , SWI/ SNF, ISWI, Mi-2/NuRD, and INO80, are characterized by the identity of their ATPase subunit (1)(2)(3). Human SWI/SNF complexes contain either human Brahma or Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1) 2 protein as the catalytic ATPase subunit along with ϳ10 -12 BRG1-associated factors (BAFs), the composition of which varies (4).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The nature of the remodeled chromatin state generated by SWI/SNF complexes has been extensively studied in vitro and is characterized by increased mobility of nucleosomes on DNA templates and altered degree of association of DNA with histones within nucleosomes (2,5). The role of SWI/SNF complexes in nuclear receptor (NR)-mediated transcriptional activation was first studied for the glucocorticoid receptor in a heterologous yeast model system and later in mammalian cells (3,6,7). SWI/SNF complexes play critical roles in establishing hypersensitive chromatin architecture associated with steroid hormone receptor binding sites on DNA and are recruited to these sites in a hormone-dependent manner (4,8,9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%