Nuclear reaction analysis of hydrogen at levels below 10 at.ppm

Hydrogen concentrations in ZnO single crystals exposing different surfaces have been determined to be in the range of (0.02-0.04) at.% with an error of ±0.01 at.% using nuclear reaction analysis. In the subsurface region, the hydrogen concentration has been determined to be higher by up to a factor of 10. In contrast to the hydrogen in the bulk, part of the subsurface hydrogen is less strongly bound, can be removed by heating to 550 • C, and reaccommodated by loading with atomic hydrogen. By exposing the ZnO(1010) surface to water above room temperature and to atomic hydrogen, respectively, hydroxylation with the same coverage of hydrogen is observed.

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“…Details of this and remarkable results have been presented by Rauch and co-workers, 35,36 who reported detection limits down to 10 ppm.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Analysis of surface, subsurface, and bulk hydrogen in ZnO using nuclear reaction analysis

et al. 2011

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“…The apparatus used has been specially designed for the analysis of low hydrogen concentrations in mineral samples. A detailed description of the experimental design can be found in the work of Endisch et al [1994]. Salient aspects include a Pb‐shielded bismuth germanate (BGO) scintillation detector with an anticoincidence counting system for reduction of cosmic ray background, with the sample holder placed in an ultra‐high‐vacuum chamber.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxide in olivine: A quantitative determination of the absolute amount and calibration of the IR spectrum

et al. 2003

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[1] Olivine is an important host of hydrogen in the Earth's upper mantle, and the OH abundance in this mineral determines many important physical properties of the planet's interior. To date, natural and experimentally hydrated olivines have been analyzed by uncalibrated spectroscopic methods with large (±100%) uncertainties in accuracy. We determined the hydrogen contents of three natural olivines by 15 N nuclear reaction analysis and used the results to calibrate the common infrared (IR) spectroscopic method for quantitative hydrogen analysis of olivine. OH content (expressed as parts per million H 2 O by weight) is 0.188 times the total integrated absorbance of the fundamental OH stretching bands in the 3750-3100 cm À1 region. The results indicate that an upward revision of some previous determinations by factors of between 2 and 4 is necessary. The most hydrous naturally occurring mantle-derived olivine analyzed to date contains 240 ppm wt. H 2 O. Retrospective application of this calibration to experimentally hydrated olivines may be limited by spectral differences in some cases and by the previous use of nonpolarized IR spectra.

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“…i Ref. 14 J Recently, a sensitivity of 10 atomicppm has been attained [15] k Upper limit is based simply on scaling the co 7 values Equation 6 assuming M~ = 2 and T = 300 K mEquations 3 and 4, assuming an ion beam spread [23] of AEB = 1 keV n For other work, see sect. 3.6 consists of Roots blowers (e.g.…”

Section: Windowless Gas Target Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen depth profiling using18O ions

Becker

Bähr

Berheide

et al. 1995

Z. Physik A - Hadrons and Nuclei

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Abstract. Nuclear resonant reaction analysis techniques for hydrogen depth profiling in solid materials typically have used 1 s N ion beams at 6.40 MeV and ~ 9F ion beams at 6.42 MeV, which require a tandem accelerator. We report a new technique using an ~sO ion beam at a resonance energy of 2.70 MeV, which requires only a single stage accelerator. Improved values of the nuclear parameters for the 2.70 MeV (180) and 6.40 MeV (~SN) resonances are reported. The beam energy spread was investigated for different ions and ion charge states and found to scale with the charge state. Data obtained using atomic and molecular gas targets reveal the research potential of Doppler spectroscopy. Examples of hydrogen depth profiling in solid materials using lSN and I80 ion beams are presented.

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Nuclear reaction analysis of hydrogen at levels below 10 at.ppm

Cited by 37 publications

References 22 publications

Analysis of surface, subsurface, and bulk hydrogen in ZnO using nuclear reaction analysis

Analysis of surface, subsurface, and bulk hydrogen in ZnO using nuclear reaction analysis

Hydroxide in olivine: A quantitative determination of the absolute amount and calibration of the IR spectrum

Hydrogen depth profiling using18O ions

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