Nuclear Migration in the Basidiomycete Schizophyllum Commune

Snider, Philip J.; Raper, John R.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1958.tb13163.x

Cited by 83 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Nuclear migration in common A matings has been observed in some species, notably Schizophyllum commune (Raper, 1953;Raper & San Antonio, 1954;Snider & Raper, 1958) and Cyathus stercoreus (Fulton, 1950). Our finding that common A migration also occurs in C. lagopus confirms the existence in this species of what may prove to be general behaviour.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The rate of migration of nuclei exceeds the rate of growth of the mycelium. It should be pointed out that the calculated rate of nuclear migration is certainly too small, for reasons discussed in detail by Snider & Raper (1958).…”

Section: Comparison Of the Speed Of Migration Of Compatible And Commomentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Since then it has been observed in various other species and genera (Dickson, 1936;Fulton, 1950;Kimura, 1954;Snider & Raper, 1958). In C. lagopus when mycelium of a compatible strain is placed on one side of an established colony of a monokaryon the nuclei of the added mycelium spread within the mycelium of the monokaryon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Migration of nuclei in Coprinus lagopus

Świeżyński

Day

1960

Genet. Res.

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1. Four main types of interaction between paired mycelia of Coprinus lagopus have been defined in terms of the extent of nuclear migration.2. Nuclear migration was demonstrated in matings between monokaryotic mycelia with common A alleles. No extensive migration of nuclei was found in common B or common AB matings.3. The speed of nuclear migration in common A matings was slower than in compatible matings. Migration occurred to approximately the same extent in both kinds of matings.4. In heterokaryon-monokaryon matings compatible and common B heterokaryons acted only as donors. Common AB heterokaryons acted as donors and as acceptors of compatible or common A nuclei. Common A heterokaryons always acted as donors and frequently acted as acceptors of compatible or common A nuclei.5. A simple explanation is suggested for the frequently observed fact that in an incompatible di-mon mating both nuclei of the dikaryon may migrate and eventually eliminate the nuclei of the established monokaryon.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Comparison Of the Speed Of Migration Of Compatible And Commomentioning

confidence: 98%

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Migration of nuclei in Coprinus lagopus

Świeżyński

Day

1960

Genet. Res.

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“…This heterokaryon is capable of nuclear migration, which is consistent with prevalence of anucleate cells in proximity of multinucleate cells. The nuclei migrate at the same rate as compatible nuclei, but do not appear to be as densely distributed as in the dikaryon (Snider and Raper, 1958). In S. commune, the A¼ Bs heterokaryon gives rise mainly to haploid homokaryotic colonies when subcultured from single hyphal tips.…”

Section: Compatible Interactions: the Dikaryon (As Bs)mentioning

confidence: 94%

From dikaryon to diploid

Banuett¹

2015

Fungal Biology Reviews

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Dikaryon Diploid Haploidization Heterokaryon a b s t r a c t The dikaryon is the persistent vegetative phase of most basidiomycetes and arises by cell fusion of two haploids carrying different mating type alleles. The diplophase is restricted to a single cell (the basidium) where meiosis takes place. Cell fusion and karyogamy are thus temporally and spatially separated. The dikaryon is characterized by the presence in each cell of two genetically distinct nuclei in a 1:1 ratio and by clamp connections, structures involved in partitioning of the nuclei during their synchronous division. In Coprinopsis cinerea and Schizophyllum commune, with two mating type loci (A and B), heterokaryons with identical A alleles exhibit nuclear migration but no clamps, and those with identical B alleles have unfused clamps (pseudoclamps) and no nuclear migration. Armillaria species are exceptional among basidiomycetes because of their persistent vegetative diploid phase with no clamp connections. Cell fusion is followed immediately by karyogamy. Haploidization of the diploid nucleus may occur in the fruiting body, resulting in a new dikaryophaseediplophase. Diploids in Ustilago maydis were the first to be synthesized in any basidiomycete. They played a critical role in pioneering studies on DNA recombinationand repair. Subsequently diploids were generated in C. cinerea, S. commune, Microbotryum violaceum, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Dikaryons (or heterokaryons) and diploids of the same genotype exhibit phenotypic differences. The reason is not known but evidence indicates that gene expression differs when the same genetic information resides in two nuclei versus one nucleus in the same cell. Diploids in basidiomycete fungi are very stable by themselves but become unstable in 2N þ N or 2N þ 2N dikaryons. Instability results in haploidization (gradual loss of chromosomes) of the diploid nucleus. The mechanism that triggers this instability is not known.

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“…Changes in nuclear distribution results from the movement of the nuclei from cell to cell, and the movement is associated with the disruption of the dolipore septa (Koltin and Flexer, 1969). The experiments designed to observe the presence of migration nuclei in compatible matings indicated that in S. commune, the fertilizing nucleus moved in the accepting compatible mycelium with a speed of 0.5e3.0 mm h À1 in some cases 5.5 mm h À1 (Snider and Raper, 1958) and in C. cinerea with roughly the same speed (K€ ues, 2000). Much faster movements, 40 mm h À1 , were recorded in the young mycelium of Coprinellus congregatus but in the old mycelium the nuclear movement dropped to 1.25 mm h À1 (Ross, 1976).…”

Section: Septal Dissolution and Migration Hyphaementioning

confidence: 99%

Mating-type genes and hyphal fusions in filamentous basidiomycetes

Raudaskoski

2015

Fungal Biology Reviews

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Nuclear Migration in the Basidiomycete Schizophyllum Commune

Cited by 83 publications

References 7 publications

Migration of nuclei in Coprinus lagopus

Migration of nuclei in Coprinus lagopus

From dikaryon to diploid

Mating-type genes and hyphal fusions in filamentous basidiomycetes

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