Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of ancient buried wood—II. Observations on the origin of coal from lignite to bituminous coal

Hatcher, Patrick G.; Breger, Irving A.; Szeverenyi, Nikolaus M.; Maciel, Gary E.

doi:10.1016/0146-6380(82)90003-1

Cited by 150 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…(Hatcher et al 1983) or is also produced as a by-product of microbial metabolism during decomposition can not yet be determined. These observations are similar to those made in CPMAS '3C NMR studies of sediment profiles (Hatcher et al 1982a(Hatcher et al , 1983), buried wood (Hatcher et al 1981(Hatcher et al . 1982b) and peat profiles (Hammond et al 1985) (Hatcher et al 1981(Hatcher et al , 1982a(Hatcher et al , b, 1983 For personal use only.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 78%

COMPARISON OF ¹³C CPMAS NMR AND CHEMICAL TECHNIQUES FOR MEASURING THE DEGREE OF DECOMPOSITION IN VIRGIN AND CULTIVATED PEAT PROFILES

Preston¹,

Shipitalo²,

Dudley³

et al. 1987

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 78%

COMPARISON OF ¹³C CPMAS NMR AND CHEMICAL TECHNIQUES FOR MEASURING THE DEGREE OF DECOMPOSITION IN VIRGIN AND CULTIVATED PEAT PROFILES

Preston¹,

Shipitalo²,

Dudley³

et al. 1987

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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“…This fossil wood has not undergone significant coalification as evidenced by the fact that it still contains relatively high amounts of cellulose. In contrast, most of the studies on peatified and early coalified wood have demonstrated that the first stage in the transformation of wood to bituminous coal involves the hydrolysis and loss of cellulose (Hatcher et al, 1981(Hatcher et al, , 1982(Hatcher et al, , 1989a. Our biochemical experiments have shown that the Florennes and Onhaye fossil woods are not biodegraded by cellulases and hemicellulases or by microorganisms usually involved in organic matter biodegradation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Previous work on biodegraded and coalified wood has shown that the gradual transformation from recent woody cell walls to lignitic material is dominated by similar processes (Hatcher et al, 1982;Hedges et al, 1985;Stout et al, 1988). These processes encompass the relatively rapid removal of hemicelluloses, biochemical depolymerisation of the cellulose early in peatification and the apparent gradual removal of all carbohydrate material at the lignite stage (presumably by anaerobic microbial and/or geochemical processes).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical and biochemical characterization of non-biodegradable cellulose in Miocene gymnosperm wood from the Entre-Sambre-et-Meuse, Southern Belgium

Lechien¹,

Rodriguez²,

Ongena³

et al. 2006

Organic Geochemistry

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Specimens of Miocene fossil wood from the Entre-Sambre-et-Meuse karsts (southern Belgium) were examined using physicochemical and biochemical techniques in order to understand the reasons for the exceptional preservation of these fossilized remains after 15 million years. Structural and chemical changes were assessed by comparing the structural features of the fossil samples with those of their modern counterpart, Metasequoia. Solid state 13Cnuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and microscopic analysis showed good preservation of the cellulose structure in the fossil wood from the Florennes peat deposit. Despite the substantial cellulose fraction available in the fossil tissue, an enzymatic degradation test and a biochemical methane potential assay showed that the fossil cellulose could not be degraded by cellulases and anaerobic microorganisms usually involved in the biodegradation of organic matter. Moreover, the cellulose structure (crystallinity and surface area) seemed to have no effect on cellulose biodegradability in these Miocene fossil wood samples. On the basis of our observations, we suggest that the presence of a modified lignin structure could greatly influence cellulose preservation/biodegradability.

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“…Propanyl side-chains of lignin contribute to the signal intensity in the chemical shift region between 50 and 85 ppm, but these are usual1y masked by the intense peaks for carbohydrates. The methoxyl groups of guaiacyl and syringyl units in lignin give a narrow signal at 56 ppm (Lüdemann and Nimz, 1973;Hatcher et al, 1982b). This signal can be clearly identified in the solid-state 13 e NMR spectrum of the beech sawdust.…”

Section: Undegraded Plant Materials and Plant Compostsmentioning

confidence: 82%

A solid-state 15N NMR spectroscopic investigation of the origin of nitrogen structures in coal

Knicker

Hatcher

Scaroni

1996

International Journal of Coal Geology

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Solid-state ISN nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a technique that has been available for fue s!udy of nitrogen compounds for many years bu! only recently has been applied to tbe study of nitrogcn in coaI due to the extremely low sensitivity of the lSN_isotope. Reported here is the application of IS N NMR to a maturation series of undegraded plant material, plant composts. sedirnents. and coa! samples for the purpose of investigating tbe alterations of nitrogen functional groups during peal and coa! fonnation. Spectroscopíc parameters such as relaxation times and cross polarization dynamics were determined for ISN_enriched plant composts to establish the optimal NMR conditions to be used for natural abundance 15N measurements on samples not enriched in lSN.The results show that up to the peat stage most of the nitrogen occurs as amide nitrogen. which derives frorn biogeníc precursors (presumably proteins). Upon increasing coalification. pyrrolic-N becomes the dominant fonn in the macromolecular coal network. Pyrrolic-N in coaIs may be derived from selective preservation of biogenic pyrroles or by rearrangement of amide chains during maturation. Pyridinic-N does Dot appear to be a majar constituent of coa! nitro gen of the coals studied here. Our successful application of solid-state lSN NMR to coaI samples has provjded new insights and understanding of coal-nitrogen chemistry.

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Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of ancient buried wood—II. Observations on the origin of coal from lignite to bituminous coal

Cited by 150 publications

References 11 publications

COMPARISON OF ¹³C CPMAS NMR AND CHEMICAL TECHNIQUES FOR MEASURING THE DEGREE OF DECOMPOSITION IN VIRGIN AND CULTIVATED PEAT PROFILES

COMPARISON OF ¹³C CPMAS NMR AND CHEMICAL TECHNIQUES FOR MEASURING THE DEGREE OF DECOMPOSITION IN VIRGIN AND CULTIVATED PEAT PROFILES

Physicochemical and biochemical characterization of non-biodegradable cellulose in Miocene gymnosperm wood from the Entre-Sambre-et-Meuse, Southern Belgium

A solid-state 15N NMR spectroscopic investigation of the origin of nitrogen structures in coal

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Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of ancient buried wood—II. Observations on the origin of coal from lignite to bituminous coal

Cited by 150 publications

References 11 publications

COMPARISON OF 13C CPMAS NMR AND CHEMICAL TECHNIQUES FOR MEASURING THE DEGREE OF DECOMPOSITION IN VIRGIN AND CULTIVATED PEAT PROFILES

COMPARISON OF 13C CPMAS NMR AND CHEMICAL TECHNIQUES FOR MEASURING THE DEGREE OF DECOMPOSITION IN VIRGIN AND CULTIVATED PEAT PROFILES

Physicochemical and biochemical characterization of non-biodegradable cellulose in Miocene gymnosperm wood from the Entre-Sambre-et-Meuse, Southern Belgium

A solid-state 15N NMR spectroscopic investigation of the origin of nitrogen structures in coal

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COMPARISON OF ¹³C CPMAS NMR AND CHEMICAL TECHNIQUES FOR MEASURING THE DEGREE OF DECOMPOSITION IN VIRGIN AND CULTIVATED PEAT PROFILES

COMPARISON OF ¹³C CPMAS NMR AND CHEMICAL TECHNIQUES FOR MEASURING THE DEGREE OF DECOMPOSITION IN VIRGIN AND CULTIVATED PEAT PROFILES