“…Researchers use a wide range of techniques for metformin determination and measurement, among which the following methods are noteworthy: HPLC-UV 4 and ultra HPLC-UV, 5 LC-mass, 6 gas chromatography, 7 NMR spectroscopy, 8 IR spectrometry, 9 capillary electrophoresis, 10 conductometry, 11 and colorimetry. 12 The above-mentioned methods have limitations such as high cost, long analysis time, and complicated and long sample preparation.…”