Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Its Key Role in Environmental Research

Simpson, André J.; Simpson, Myrna J.; Soong, Ronald

doi:10.1021/es302154w

Cited by 109 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…A solvent is added to the analyte, and, after swelling, the components become NMR observable. HR-MAS NMR allows the analysis of materials that swell, become partially soluble, or form true solutions to be analysed at resolution close to that observed in solution-state NMR 1, 31–33 . An HSQC spectrum is an experiment that detects H–C bonds within a structure 34 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large perturbations in CO2 flux and subsequent chemosynthesis are induced in agricultural soil by the addition of elemental sulfur

Kelleher

Flanagan

Hart

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The microbial contribution to soil organic matter has been shown to be much larger than previously thought and thus it plays a major role in carbon cycling. Among soil microorganisms, chemoautotrophs can fix CO2 without sunlight and can glean energy through the oxidation of reduced elements such as sulfur. Here we show that the addition of sulfur to soil results in an initial surge in production of CO2 through microbial respiration, followed by an order of magnitude increase in the capture of carbon from the atmosphere as elemental sulfur is oxidised to sulfate. Thiobacillus spp., take advantage of specific conditions to become the dominant chemoautotrophic group that consumes CO2. We discern the direct incorporation of atmospheric carbon into soil carbohydrate, protein and aliphatic compounds and differentiate these from existing biomass. These results suggest that chemoautotrophs can play a large role in carbon cycling and that this carbon is heavily influenced by land management practises.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large perturbations in CO2 flux and subsequent chemosynthesis are induced in agricultural soil by the addition of elemental sulfur

Kelleher

Flanagan

Hart

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…This method is often used to characterize humic substances (35,40). Solid-state 13 C-NMR spectra are readily available for most humic substances provided by the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) (www.humicsubstances.org).…”

Section: Dom and Pm Categorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A network perspective reveals decreasing material diversity in studies on nanoparticle interactions with dissolved organic matter

Sani-Kast

Labille

Ollivier

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Dissolved organic matter (DOM) strongly influences the properties and fate of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in aquatic environments. There is an extensive body of experiments on interactions between DOM and ENPs and also larger particles. [We denote particles on the nano-and micrometer scale as particulate matter (PM).] However, the experimental results are very heterogeneous, and a general mechanistic understanding of DOM-PM interactions is still missing. In this situation, recent reviews have called to expand the range of DOM and ENPs studied. Therefore, our work focuses on the diversity of the DOM and PM types investigated. Because the experimental results reported in the literature are highly disparate and difficult to structure, a new format of organizing, visualizing, and interpreting the results is needed. To this end, we perform a network analysis of 951 experimental results on DOM-PM interactions, which enabled us to analyze and quantify the diversity of the materials investigated. The diversity of the DOM-PM combinations studied has mostly been decreasing over the last 25 y, which is driven by an increasing focus on several frequently investigated materials, such as DOM isolated from fresh water, DOM in whole-water samples, and TiO 2 and silver PM. Furthermore, there is an underrepresentation of studies into the effect of particle coating on PM-DOM interactions. Finally, it is of great importance that the properties of DOM used in experiments with PM, in particular the molecular weight and the content of aromatic and aliphatic carbon, are reported more comprehensively and systematically.nanoparticles | dissolved organic matter | environmental fate | network analysis | experimental design T he development and use of nanotechnology results in the release of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) to the environment (1, 2). Much effort in current research is put into assessing the environmental risks of ENPs, which requires the understanding of the fate and distribution of ENPs in different environmental media, as well as their potential toxicity (3-6). Dissolved organic matter (DOM) (e.g., humic substances, polysaccharides, and proteins) is ubiquitous in aquatic systems and is known to interact with ENPs and modify their surface properties (7). DOM has been shown to either stabilize or destabilize aqueous ENP suspensions, depending on DOM properties and medium composition (8, 9). The effects of DOM on the stability of ENP suspensions are expected to strongly influence the mobility and distribution of ENPs in the environment (10).The extraordinary variability in DOM effects on ENPs originates from the fact that the interactions between DOM and ENPs depend on numerous interrelated factors, such as pH and ionic strength of the media, the particles' surface properties and size, and the chemical composition and concentration of the DOM (11). Some types of DOM, such as fulvic and humic acids, electrostatically stabilize ENPs via the adsorption of the electrically charged DOM on the ENP surface (12-16), where the str...

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“…1 [14,20,[25][26][27][28]. For a complete review of NMR techniques and applications to understand interactions in environmental samples, readers should refer to an excellent review by Mazzei and Piccolo [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a complete review of NMR techniques and applications to understand interactions in environmental samples, readers should refer to an excellent review by Mazzei and Piccolo [28]. In environmental research, NMR is becoming an important tool used to highlight specific interactions between different constituents in soils [21,[29][30][31][32]. Over the years, numerous detailed NMR studies have provided valuable information on the underlying factors regarding the different binding properties of a number of anthropogenic contaminants [31][32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-mediated NOE: a promising tool for interrogating interfacial clay–xenobiotic interactions

Soong

Botana

Wang

et al. 2017

Chem. Biol. Technol. Agric.

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Background:The sorption of anthropogenic compounds on clay minerals is a complex molecular process with important implications for the fate of agrochemicals and organic pollutants in the environment. Results:The present study illustrates the use of a water-mediated NOE approach to study clay binding interactions. This method exploits the interfacial water layer on clay surfaces as a hydrogen reservoir for magnetization transfer. The interactions of four different xenobiotics with clay suspension were investigated through this method to demonstrate its capability to screen for the clay-xenobiotic molecular affinity. Further, based onthe NOE build-up rates, epitope map of clay-xenobiotic interactions can be generated, explaining theorientation and mechanism of the interactions. Conclusions:The water-mediated NOE approach has the potential to reveal key insights into the role that interfacial water plays in the binding process, providing a better understanding of the partitioning of anthropogenic compounds from bulk water into aqueous clay suspensions.

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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Its Key Role in Environmental Research

Cited by 109 publications

References 80 publications

Large perturbations in CO2 flux and subsequent chemosynthesis are induced in agricultural soil by the addition of elemental sulfur

Large perturbations in CO2 flux and subsequent chemosynthesis are induced in agricultural soil by the addition of elemental sulfur

A network perspective reveals decreasing material diversity in studies on nanoparticle interactions with dissolved organic matter

Water-mediated NOE: a promising tool for interrogating interfacial clay–xenobiotic interactions

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