Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy

Leroy-Willig, A.; Geldwerth‐Feniger, Danielle

doi:10.1002/9780470029596.ch1

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…The most commonly used positron emitters are 11 C, 13 N, 15 O, and 18 F, but other isotopes such as 60,61,64 Cu, 68 Ga, 76 Br, 94m Tc, 89 Zr, or 124 I are gaining increasing attention and/or being tested for clinical applications. In fact, peptides labeled with 68 Ga have already demonstrated very promising results in the assessment of neuroendocrine tumors [42].…”

Section: Micro-petmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molecular diffusion in tissues is the result of the interaction of molecules with many 'barriers' such as other molecules, cellular organelles, fibers, and membranes. The molecular diffusion patterns provide information about tissue architecture and cellularity, since the higher the cell density (more barriers), the lower the diffusion will be, leading to high signal intensities in diffusion-weighted images and to low 'apparent diffusion coefficient' (ADC) values [76]. DWI has been used for tumor characterization in non-moving structures such as bones and the brain [77], being particularly sensitive for the early detection of brain ischemia [78].…”

Section: Micro-mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Micro-mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perfusion measurements are possible using two distinct MRI techniques: (i) the dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging (DCE-MRI), in which an intravenous bolus injection of a contrast agent is detected during its first passage through the organs and (ii) arterial spin labeling (ASL), in which the arterial blood water magnetization itself functions as an endogenous contrast agent [76]. The size of the contrast agent in DCE-MRI will determine its washout from the vascular space, making it possible to measure vascular permeability [76]. The ASL technique works better at high magnetic fields (3.0 T and above) and highly irrigated organs, such as the brain, the heart, muscles, and kidneys, with the advantage of not requiring contrast injection, allowing repeated measurements [76,[80][81][82][83].…”

Section: Micro-mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The size of the contrast agent in DCE-MRI will determine its washout from the vascular space, making it possible to measure vascular permeability [76]. The ASL technique works better at high magnetic fields (3.0 T and above) and highly irrigated organs, such as the brain, the heart, muscles, and kidneys, with the advantage of not requiring contrast injection, allowing repeated measurements [76,[80][81][82][83].…”

Section: Micro-mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preclinical Imaging: an Essential Ally in Modern Biosciences

et al. 2013

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Translational research is changing the practice of modern medicine and the way in which health problems are approached and solved. The use of small-animal models in basic and preclinical sciences is a major keystone for these kinds of research and development strategies, representing a bridge between discoveries at the molecular level and clinical implementation in diagnostics and/or therapeutics. The development of high-resolution in vivo imaging technologies provides a unique opportunity for studying disease in real time, in a quantitative way, at the molecular level, along with the ability to repeatedly and non-invasively monitor disease progression or response to treatment. The greatest advantages of preclinical imaging techniques include the reduction of biological variability and the opportunity to acquire, in continuity, an impressive amount of unique information (without interfering with the biological process under study) in distinct forms, repeated or modulated as needed, along with the substantial reduction in the number of animals required for a particular study, fully complying with 3R (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) policies. The most suitable modalities for small-animal in vivo imaging applications are based on nuclear medicine techniques (essentially, positron emission tomography [PET] and single photon emission computed tomography [SPECT]), optical imaging (OI), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MRSI), and ultrasound. Each modality has intrinsic advantages and limitations. More recently, aiming to overcome the inherent limitations of each imaging modality, multimodality devices designed to provide complementary information upon the pathophysiological process under study have gained popularity. The combination of high-resolution modalities, like micro-CT or micro-MRI, with highly sensitive techniques providing functional information, such as micro-PET or micro-SPECT, will continue to broaden the horizons of research in such key areas as infection, oncology, cardiology, and neurology, contributing not only to the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of disease, but also providing efficient and unique tools for evaluating new chemical entities and candidate drugs. The added value of small-animal imaging techniques has driven their increasing use by pharmaceutical companies, contract research organizations, and research institutions.

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Section: Micro-petmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Micro-mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Micro-mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Micro-mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Micro-mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preclinical Imaging: an Essential Ally in Modern Biosciences

et al. 2013

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In vivo imaging of integration and function of striatal grafts in rodent and nonhuman primate animal models

Hantraye

Badin

2012

Progress in Brain Research

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The power of bioluminescence imaging in understanding host-pathogen interactions

Suff

Waddington

2017

Methods

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Infectious diseases are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Modelling and understanding human infection is imperative to developing treatments to reduce the global burden of infectious disease. Bioluminescence imaging is a highly sensitive, non-invasive technique based on the detection of light, produced by luciferase-catalysed reactions. In the study of infectious disease, bioluminescence imaging is a well-established technique; it can be used to detect, localize and quantify specific immune cells, pathogens or immunological processes. This enables longitudinal studies in which the spectrum of the disease process and its response to therapies can be monitored. Light producing transgenic rodents are emerging as key tools in the study of host response to infection. Here, we review the strategies for identifying biological processes in vivo, including the technology of bioluminescence imaging and illustrate how this technique is shedding light on the host-pathogen relationship.

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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy

Cited by 4 publications

References 43 publications

Preclinical Imaging: an Essential Ally in Modern Biosciences

Preclinical Imaging: an Essential Ally in Modern Biosciences

In vivo imaging of integration and function of striatal grafts in rodent and nonhuman primate animal models

The power of bioluminescence imaging in understanding host-pathogen interactions

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