Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and evaluation of human breast tissue: preliminary clinical trials.

Abstract

In vivo clinical evaluations of human mammary tissue, including normal, dysplastic, and neoplastic breasts, were initiated using the FONAR method of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging. Spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) were determined and correlated with other diagnostic modalities including mammography, xeroradiography, and sonography. Normal breasts and breasts with extensive fatty replacement were found to have the lowest T1 values, whereas T1 values of malignant tissue were elevated. T1 values for mammary dysplasia extended over a wide range, and NMR images exhibited lower proton density than normal tissue. In several patients with severely dysplastic breasts, T1 values overlapped those from patients with documented breast neoplasms. Markedly elevated T1 values were obtained from fluid-filled cysts that were well beyond the range of malignancy.

Magnetic resonance imaging reveals functional diversity of the vasculature in benign and malignant breast lesions

“…32 In previous studies, it was found that the accuracy of 1/T 10 propagated a significant, large error in the influx transcapillary transfer constant 32,33 ; the differences between benign lesions versus malignant lesions, however, were insignificant. 27,34,35 We found that the pattern of the progressive increase of k trans , from benign to IDC, persisted throughout all measured values of 1/T 10 (0.63-2.0 sec Ϫ1 ). Hence, the differences among the groups in both k trans and k ep reflect a genuine pathophysiologic phenomenon.…”

Pharmacokinetic Mapping of the Breast: A New Method for Dynamic MR Mammography

“…Because an early detection of the tumor is the primary strategy for reducing mortality (11, several methods such as mammography, sonography, and (recently) MRI have been developed. Different MRI techniques were investigated (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) in the past in order to improve the detection and diagnosis of breast diseases. As a major result, these studies have shown that the sensitivity and specificity of MRI for the detection of breast cancer can be significantly increased by the use of paramagnetic contrast media (CM) such as gadolinium diethylenetriaminopentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) (4,5,10-Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI studies were first performed by Kaiser and co-workers using rapid gradientecho imaging sequences (10).…”

Estudo da permeabilidade vascular e volume extra-celular na diferenciação das lesões nodulares benignas e malignas da mama

“…A RM das mamas, no seu início na década de 80, utilizava-se apenas das imagens ponderadas em T1 e T2, havendo grande sobreposição de achados comuns às lesões benignas e malignas, o que desencorajou o seu uso [5,23] .…”

“…A RM das mamas tenta desde então, aumentar a diferenciação entre lesões benignas e malignas [5,23] .…”

“…O aprimoramento da técnica de exame, uso de magnetos mais potentes e principalmente a introdução do uso de contraste paramagnético com estudo dinâmico, tornou a RM de mamas um método promissor no estudo das lesões mamárias [4,5] . O uso do contraste dinâmico fornece características tanto morfológicas quanto cinéticas das lesões, sendo que a especificidade da RM aumenta quando ambos aspectos são considerados na interpretação [6] .…”