Nuclear magnetic resonance footprint of Wharton Jelly mesenchymal stem cells death mechanisms and distinctive in‐cell biophysical properties in vitro

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were discovered in the last century by Friedenstein. He observed that bone marrow contains cells that form fibroblast-like colonies in vitro. 1 Further studies revealed that MSCs are able to differentiate into different cell lineages namely osteo, chondro and adipo. They can be characterized by the expression of several markers like CD73, CD90 and CD105 and the lack of hematopoietic markers including CD45 and CD34. 2 Wharton Jelly MSCs, derived from human umbilical cord, represent promising source of stem cells able to differentiate into such cells types as astrocytes, adipocytes, myocytes, cardiomyocytes and neurons. 2,3 Recently, MSCs attracted considerable attention in the biomedical field as they have been shown to ameliorate symptoms in a number of diseases including neurological and cardiovascular ones. 4,5 Most studies suggest that MSCs secrete numbers of factors

Insights into the Small Molecule Targeting of Biologically Relevant G-Quadruplexes: An Overview of NMR and Crystal Structures

“…Therefore, the development of highly effective anticancer/antiviral drugs but also of diagnostic tools for selective G-quadruplex detection still needs further, targeted scientific efforts, which have to be based on solid and detailed structural information, crucial to obtaining the required specific recognition. In this regard, the advent of in-cell NMR to characterize G-quadruplex structures and Gquadruplex/ligand interactions could significantly complement NMR and crystallographic studies, thus providing crucial information on the target/drug interactions in the cellular context [99][100][101].…”

Mesenchymal stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles for metabolic syndrome therapy: Assessing efficacy with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

“…The NMR Mobile Universal Surface Explorer (NMR‐Mouse), a single‐sided NMR device, allows for the measurement of size, self‐diffusion coefficient and viability of in vitro cell suspensions. Leveraging strong magnetic fields and short diffusion times, NMR‐Mouse provides higher diffusion weighting, enabling the differentiation of cell necrosis and apoptosis by detecting low diffusivity components in thin slices or single cell layers within Petri dishes 55 …”

“…The diffusion coefficient serves as an indicator of cell viability, as cell death leads to a decrease in this value. Intracellular self‐diffusion coefficients obtained through 1D and 2D relaxometry vary across different tissues, and these coefficients can serve as valuable biomarkers for tracking MSCs 55 …”

Low-field 1H NMR parameterization of model cell suspensions. A diffusion and relaxation study

“…This study aims to expand the research area to include low-field research for multiparametric characterization applying 2D T 1 -T 2 and D-T 2 experiments, providing independent and complementary parameters. The proposed approach was developed and implemented for porous and heterogeneous systems [12][13][14]. We hereby present its application to model cell systems (including in suspensions with low cell concentration) with the suggestion of extending the application to other cell systems, such as stem cells.…”

“…A yeast cell suspension constitutes a model cell system which has been examined by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) using one-dimensional PFG sequences [5][6][7][8][9] and a two-dimensional PFG-IR experiment [10]. A new method has recently been proposed to determine the self-diffusion coefficients of extracellular fluid, cytoplasm and cellular organelles, as well as compartment sizes [11,12]. Thus, the diffusion coefficients for intracellular and extracellular water compartments were measured.…”