Nuclear Level Density Calculation of Astrophysical Reactions

Selman, Ahmed Abdul-Razzaq; Jasim, Hamsa S.

doi:10.9790/4861-0804014352

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This name was thought up by Dr. Choi at Argonne National Laboratory [1]. In synthesizing Nanofluids, metal oxides and metals are suspended in a liquid form that typically contains less than 4% solid volume [2]. Materials included in the term nanomaterials, such as Nano crystalline materials, Nano composites, and carbon nanotubes, are all classified as nanomaterials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review Paper on Properties and Applications of Nanofluids

Mohammed,

Dawood,

Onyeaka

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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A nanofluid is a liquid that contains nanometer-sized particles. Nanofluids are obtained by dispersing nanometer-sized particles in conventional base fluids such as water, oil, ethylene glycol, etc. Nanoparticles of materials such as metallic oxides (Al2O3, CuO), nitride ceramics (AlN, SiN), carbide ceramics (SiC, TiC), metals (Cu, Ag, Au), semiconductors (TiO2, SiC), single, double or multi-walled carbon nanotubes, alloyed nanoparticles (Al70, Cu30), etc., were used to prepare the nanofluids. This paper presents a procedure for preparing Nanofluids, the properties of Nanofluids, and their applications in various fields, including energy, mechanics, and biomedicine. Then it defines the parameter that challenges the use of Nanofluids in different applications and finally suggests directions for future research on Nanofluids. The thermal conductivity of the Nanofluids is improved at a very low (< 0.1%) percentage of suspended particles. Nowadays, Nanofluids are used efficiently in non-traditional energy resources in absorbing solar energy to increase the temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review Paper on Properties and Applications of Nanofluids

Mohammed,

Dawood,

Onyeaka

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…Therefore, new formulae must be formulated on the basis of the non-equidistant spacing model. Selman and Jasim, in 2016, [9] calculated the reaction inside the core of their different main sequence stars; Sun, Sirius and Vega. They used the PLD from the exciton model, Ericson's formula, William's formula and pairing formula; the calculation was performed for 4 H, 12 C, 14 N and 16 O; and the state density of 54 Fe was included for comparison.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Changes in the Neutron Number of Isotonic Nuclei on the Tow-Component Partial Level Density Formula Corrected for Pairing in Pre-Equilibrium Reactions

Mohammad

Salloum

Al-Jabbar

2022

eijs

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Ericsonâ€™s formula describes the partial level density (PLD) of pre-equilibrium reactions and corrections. PLD with pairing correction can be calculated using four methods, namely, pairing, improved pairing, exact Pauli and back shift energy corrections. The variations in the PLD values of each of the four formulas of strontium (88Sr), Yttrium (89Y) and Zirconium (90Zr) isotones have been examined. Results shows that the PLD values that use pairing and improved pairing corrections do not vary for different isotones. However, a small change in PLD values is observed when exact Pauli correction and back shift energy were utilised. The change in the PLD values using back shift energy correction is bigger than the values obtained by using exact Pauli correction. Therefore, the use of back shift formula is recommended because it results in noticeable changes with any small increase in mass number.

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Enhanced ocular bioavailability of fluconazole from niosomal gels and microemulsions: formulation, optimization, and in vitro–in vivo evaluation

Soliman

Mohamed

Khatera

2017

Pharmaceutical Development and Technology

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Fungal keratitis may cause vision loss if it is not treated. Methods other than ocular delivery exhibited several limitations. No previous studies investigated and compared ocular bioavailability of fluconazole (FLZ) from niosomal gels and microemulsions. Niosomal gels of FLZ (0.3% w/w) based on Span 60 and cholesterol (CH) using 1% w/w carbopol 934 (CP) were evaluated. FLZ microemulsions (0.3% w/v) containing isopropyl myristate (IPM, as oil phase) and a 3:1 mixture of Tween 80 (as surfactant) and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400, as cosurfactant) were characterized. Optimized formulations were compared for their ocular bioavailability in rabbit's. Nanoscopic niosomes (63.67-117.13 nm) and microemulsions (57.05-59.93 nm) showed respective negative zeta potential ranges of -45.37 to -61.40 and -20.50 to -31.90 mV and sustained release up to 12 h. Entrapment efficiency (EE%) of niosomes ranged from 56.48% to 70.67%. Niosomal gels were more sustainable than niosomes and microemulsions. The most stable niosomal gel based on Span 60 and CH at a molar ratio of 5:5 and microemulsion containing 45% w/w IPM and 40% w/w of 3:1 Tween 80-PEG 400 mixture significantly (p < 0.0001) enhanced FLZ ocular bioavailability compared with its solution. Niosomal gel showed higher bioavailability than microemulsion by ≈2-fold.

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Nuclear Level Density Calculation of Astrophysical Reactions

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

A Review Paper on Properties and Applications of Nanofluids

A Review Paper on Properties and Applications of Nanofluids

Effects of the Changes in the Neutron Number of Isotonic Nuclei on the Tow-Component Partial Level Density Formula Corrected for Pairing in Pre-Equilibrium Reactions

Enhanced ocular bioavailability of fluconazole from niosomal gels and microemulsions: formulation, optimization, and in vitro–in vivo evaluation

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