Nuclear kinematics in nearby AGN – I. An ALMA perspective on the morphology and kinematics of the molecular CO(2–1) emission

Nagar, Neil M.; Finlez, C.; Storchi‐Bergmann, Thaisa; Slater, R.; Schnorr-Müller, A.; Riffel, Rogemar A.; Mundell, C. G.; Robinson, Andrew

doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1244

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(114 reference statements)

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“…We note that the very small errors on the model parameters only incorporate the statistical uncertainties and thus are more reflective of the high S/N and high spectral resolution of the ALMA data. These results are also consistent with those found using the same data in Ramakrishnan et al (2019). For the stellar velocity field, we find a best fitting The residuals in the stellar velocity field all have an absolute value less than 40 km s −1 and the discrepancies are likely due to deviations from pure circular rotation since we expect stars in the circumnuclear regions to follow more elliptical x1 and x2 orbits.…”

Section: Disk Modellingsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…As seen in the HST imaging in Figure time of 29 minutes in the C36-3 configuration resulting in an angular resolution of 0.56 ×0.49 (PA = -79.4 • ) in Band 6. This observation was part of an ALMA program to map CO (2-1) in the nuclear regions of 7 local AGN (Ramakrishnan et al 2019). The spectral setup was designed to center one of the spectral windows on the redshifted CO (2-1) emission line (ν rest = 230.538 GHz) for NGC 5728.…”

Section: Muse Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The multiphase gas structure and kinematics in the circumnuclear region of NGC 5728

Shimizu

Davies

Lutz

et al. 2019

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We report on our combined analysis of HST, VLT/MUSE, VLT/SINFONI, and ALMA observations of the local Seyfert 2 galaxy, NGC 5728 to investigate in detail the feeding and feedback of the AGN. The datasets simultaneously probe the morphology, excitation, and kinematics of the stars, ionized gas, and molecular gas over a large range of spatial scales (10 pc-10 kpc). NGC 5728 contains a large stellar bar which is driving gas along prominent dust lanes to the inner 1 kpc where the gas settles into a circumnuclear ring. The ring is strongly star forming and contains a substantial population of young stars as indicated by the lowered stellar velocity dispersion and gas excitation consistent with HII regions. We model the kinematics of the ring using the velocity field of the CO (2-1) emission and stars and find it is consistent with a rotating disk. The outer regions of the disk, where the dust lanes meet the ring, show signatures of inflow at a rate of 1 M yr −1 . Inside the ring, we observe three molecular gas components corresponding to the circular rotation of the outer ring, a warped disk, and the nuclear stellar bar. The AGN is driving an ionized gas outflow that reaches a radius of 250 pc with a mass outflow rate of 0.08 M yr −1 consistent with its luminosity and scaling relations from previous studies. While we observe distinct holes in CO emission which could be signs of molecular gas removal, we find that largely the AGN is not disrupting the structure of the circumnuclear region.

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Section: Disk Modellingsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Muse Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The multiphase gas structure and kinematics in the circumnuclear region of NGC 5728

Shimizu

Davies

Lutz

et al. 2019

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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“…This is the first successful attempt to model the kinematics of the molecular gas in NGC 7213, thanks to the software 3D BAROLO, which is able to handle the available data, despite the sparse information that limited previous attempts to model the kinematics (e.g. Ramakrishnan et al 2019). As is clearly visible in Fig.…”

Section: Molecular Gas Kinematicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular gas in the central region of NGC 7213

Salvestrini¹,

Gruppioni²,

Pozzi³

et al. 2020

A&A

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We present a multi-wavelength study (from X-ray to mm) of the nearby low-luminosity active galactic nucleus NGC 7213. We combine the information from the different bands to characterise the source in terms of contribution from the AGN and the host-galaxy interstellar medium. This approach allows us to provide a coherent picture of the role of the AGN and its impact, if any, on the star formation and molecular gas properties of the host galaxy. We focused our study on archival ALMA Cycle 1 observations, where the CO(2–1) emission line has been used as a tracer of the molecular gas. Using the 3DBAROLO code on ALMA data, we performed the modelling of the molecular gas kinematics traced by the CO(2–1) emission, finding a rotationally dominated pattern. The molecular gas mass of the host galaxy was estimated from the integrated CO(2–1) emission line obtained with APEX data, assuming an αCO conversion factor. Had we used the ALMA data, we would have underestimated the gas masses by a factor ∼3, given the filtering out of the large-scale emission in interferometric observations. We also performed a complete X-ray spectral analysis on archival observations, revealing a relatively faint and unobscured AGN. The AGN proved to be too faint to significantly affect the properties of the host galaxy, such as star formation activity and molecular gas kinematics and distribution.

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“…A.2) in the central 4 × 4 715 pc × 715 pc. The coordinates of the northern source (Table A.1) are approximately coincident with the 8.4 GHz radio continuum source (Mundell et al 2009) and the kinematical center of the CO(2-1) velocity field (see Ramakrishnan et al 2019). Thus, we assume that it corresponds to the AGN.…”

Section: Appendix A: Alma 13 MM Continuum Of Individual Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold molecular gas and PAH emission in the nuclear and circumnuclear regions of Seyfert galaxies

Alonso‐Herrero

Pereira-Santaella

Rigopoulou

et al. 2020

A&A

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We investigate the relation between the detection of the 11.3 μm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) feature in the nuclear (∼24−230 pc) regions of 22 nearby Seyfert galaxies and the properties of the cold molecular gas. For the former we use ground-based (0.3−0.6″ resolution) mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy. The cold molecular gas is traced by ALMA and NOEMA high (0.2−1.1″) angular resolution observations of the CO(2–1) transition. Galaxies with a nuclear detection of the 11.3 μm PAH feature contain more cold molecular gas (median 1.6 × 107 M⊙) and have higher column densities (N(H2) = 2 × 1023 cm−2) over the regions sampled by the mid-IR slits than those without a detection. This suggests that molecular gas plays a role in shielding the PAH molecules in the harsh environments of Seyfert nuclei. Choosing the PAH molecule naphthalene as an illustration, we compute its half-life in the nuclear regions of our sample when exposed to 2.5 keV hard X-ray photons. We estimate shorter half-lives for naphthalene in nuclei without a 11.3 μm PAH detection than in those with a detection. The Spitzer/IRS PAH ratios on circumnuclear scales (∼4″ ∼ 0.25−1.3 kpc) are in between model predictions for neutral and partly ionized PAHs. However, Seyfert galaxies in our sample with the highest nuclear H2 column densities are not generally closer to the neutral PAH tracks. This is because in the majority of our sample galaxies, the CO(2–1) emission in the inner ∼4″ is not centrally peaked and in some galaxies traces circumnuclear sites of strong star formation activity. Spatially resolved observations with the MIRI medium-resolution spectrograph on the James Webb Space Telescope will be able to distinguish the effects of an active galactic nucleus (AGN) and star formation on the PAH emission in nearby AGN.

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Nuclear kinematics in nearby AGN – I. An ALMA perspective on the morphology and kinematics of the molecular CO(2–1) emission

Cited by 29 publications

References 88 publications

The multiphase gas structure and kinematics in the circumnuclear region of NGC 5728

The multiphase gas structure and kinematics in the circumnuclear region of NGC 5728

Molecular gas in the central region of NGC 7213

Cold molecular gas and PAH emission in the nuclear and circumnuclear regions of Seyfert galaxies

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