Nuclear energy with inherent safety: Change of outdated paradigm, criteria

Адамов, Е. О.; Orlov, V. V.; Rachkov, V. I.; Slessarev, I.; Khomyakov, Yu. S.

doi:10.1134/s0040601515130029

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Выйти из концептуального тупика, как отмечалось, можно лишь радикальной сменой логики повышения устойчивости к тяжелым авариям. Развиваемая логика Естественной Безопасности [1]…”

Section: о развитии концепции естественной безопасностиunclassified

“…Прежде всего ее реализация требует изначальной минимизации базовых потен циальных угроз, таких, например, как опасность накопленной неядерной энер гии -повышенного давления сред, близости рабочих режимов к разрушитель ным возможностям экзотермических химических реакций, к закипанию теплоно сителя, а также непременного подбора, по крайней мере, всех пассивных компо нентов ЯЭУ (включая основные барьеры защиты), отвечающих детерминистским паспортным характеристикам, которые позволяют обеспечить максимальную ус тойчивость [1,8,9].…”

Section: структура достоверности противоаварийной устойчивостиunclassified

“…Радикальное снижение рисков тяжелых аварий является непреложной компонен той концепции Естественной Безопасности (ЕсБ) [1], которая может и должна обес печиваться за счет использования уже имеющихся и дополнительных целенаправ ленно подобранных феноменологических (смысловых) качеств (свойств) ядерного производства энергии. Такое обеспечение подразумевает выбор подходящих типов ядерных реакторов и топливного цикла, детальной разработки теоретических и практических основ усиления их самозащищенности, целенаправленного поиска и верификации полученных качеств, призванных радикально усилить устойчивость против тяжелых аварий.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…•• Максимальное развитие самозащищенности и акцента на детерминированную устойчивость основных защитных барьеров против аварийных исходных событий может стать опорой [1,11,12] в повышении доверия к уровню безопасности.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Concept of Inherent Safety of Generation V Nuclear Power Plants

Slesarev¹,

Adamov²,

Leonov³

et al. 2021

YadEn

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Section: о развитии концепции естественной безопасностиunclassified

Section: структура достоверности противоаварийной устойчивостиunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Concept of Inherent Safety of Generation V Nuclear Power Plants

Slesarev¹,

Adamov²,

Leonov³

et al. 2021

YadEn

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“…Core BR ≈ 1 value, as well as core equilibrium mode characterized by stable values of reactivity and isotopic composition of the fuel can be achieved in the new generation reactors using high density fuel, in particular, nitride fuel (Rachkov et al 2015, Adamov et al 2015a, Adamov et al 2015b, Adamov et al 2015c. Also, it is well known that transmutation of MA as fuel component has favorable effect on reactivity behavior during the core lifetime (Kooyman et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minor actinides transmutation in equilibrium cores of next generation FRs

Егоров¹,

Khomyakov²,

Rachkov³

et al. 2019

NUCET

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The Russian Federation is developing a number of technologies within the «Proryv» project for closing the nuclear fuel cycle utilizing mixed (U-Pu-MA) nitride fuel. Key objectives of the project include improving fast reactor nuclear safety by minimizing reactivity changes during fuel operating period and improving radiological and environmental fuel cycle safety through Pu multi-recycling and МА transmutation. This advanced technology is expected to allow operating the reactor in an equilibrium cycle with a breeding ratio equaling approximately 1 with stable reactivity and fuel isotopic composition. Nevertheless, to reach this state the reactor must still operate in an initial transient state for a lengthy period (over 10 years) of time, which requires implementing special measures concerning reactivity control. The results obtained from calculations show the possibility of achieving a synergetic effect from combining two objectives. Using МА reprocessed from thermal reactor spent fuel in initial fuel loads in FR ensures a minimal reactivity margin during the entire fast reactor fuel operating period, comparable to the levels achieved in equilibrium state with any kind of relevant Pu isotopic composition. This should be combined with using reactivity compensators in the first fuel micro-campaigns. In the paper presented are the results of simulation of the overall life cycle of a 1200 MWe fast reactor, reaching equilibrium fuel composition, and respective changes in spent fuel nuclide and isotopic composition. It is shown that МА from thermal and fast reactors spent fuel can be completely utilized in the new generation FRs without using special actinide burners.

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Zero Visions and Other Safety Principles

Hansson

2022

The Vision Zero Handbook

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Safety management is largely based on safety principles, which are simple guidelines intended to guide safety work. This chapter provides a typology and systematic overview of safety principles and an analysis of how they relate to Vision Zero. Three major categories of safety principles are investigated. The aspiration principles tell us what level of safety or risk reduction we should aim at or aspire to. Important examples are Vision Zero, continuous improvement, ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable), BAT (best available technology), cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, risk limits, and exposure limits. The error tolerance principles are based on the insight that accidents and mistakes will happen, however much we try to avoid them. We therefore have to minimize the negative effects of failures and unexpected disturbances. Safety principles telling us how to do this include fail-safety, inherent safety, substitution, multiple safety barriers, redundancy, and safety factors. Finally, evidence evaluation principles provide guidance on how to evaluate uncertain evidence. Major such principles are the precautionary principle, a reversed burden of proof, and risk neutrality.

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Nuclear energy with inherent safety: Change of outdated paradigm, criteria

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

The Concept of Inherent Safety of Generation V Nuclear Power Plants

The Concept of Inherent Safety of Generation V Nuclear Power Plants

Minor actinides transmutation in equilibrium cores of next generation FRs

Zero Visions and Other Safety Principles

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