“…However, in a similar fashion where macroeconomic variables are linked with economic growth across many country case studies (Balsalobre‐Lorente et al, 2020; Etokakpan, Adedoyin, Vedat, & Bekun, 2020; Kirikkaleli, Adedoyin, & Bekun, 2020; Udi, Bekun, & Adedoyin, 2020), we found that previous studies examined the link between migration and trade separately (see, e.g., Bougheas & Nelson, 2012; Ma & Tang, 2019; Sgrignoli, Metulini, Schiavo, & Riccaboni, 2015) and other studies have also been conducted to investigate the link between governance (mostly via quality of institutions) and trade (see Gani & Scrimgeour, 2016; Sugimura and Murakami, 2016; Wu, Li, & Samsel, 2012). Our thorough investigations show that no attempt has been made previously to look at the two relationships together in one study for Europe.…”