Nuclear DNA complement in young proembryos of barley

Mericle, Leo W.; Mericle, R.P.

doi:10.1016/0027-5107(70)90013-8

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…amounts of 8C or higher declined from 73 to 54% after 2 wk and to 14% after 6 wk of germination (Table 2). To our knowledge, the only other report on reduction of polyploid nuclei is in barley embryogenesis (Mericle and Mericle, 1970); these authors observed a reduction of the mean cellular DNA content from 16C to 2C. The populations of nuclei which can be divided into three ploidy levels also showed a trend in DNA decline within a ploidy level (Table I) Table I).…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

Dna Content and Heterochromatin Variations in Various Tissues of Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea)

Dhillon

Miksche

1982

American J of Botany

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The average 2C DNA amount for the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genome is 4.21 pg, and 73% of the dormant peanut cotyledon nuclei displayed 8C DNA amounts or higher, as compared to 0 to 4% in root‐shoot apices and leaf tissue. Thermal melt profiles and heterochromatin values indicated replication of the whole genome. Cotyledon nuclear DNA declined in the percent of polyploid nuclei as well as DNA amounts within ploidy classes during germination. The presence of high DNA C levels in cotyledons generated during embryogeny is interpreted to increase the protein‐synthesizing capacity and subsequently supplies a ready source of nucleosides and phosphates during early embryo growth as a result of DNA degradation. However, the later DNA decline at the onset of cotyledon senescence was age related similarly to leaf senescence. The change in proportion of heterochromatin was related to the metabolic state of the tissue and not to the DNA content, as dormant and senescing nuclei contained a higher proportion of heterochromatin as compared to nuclei from metabolically active tissue such as germinating roots. The shift in heterochromatin is interpreted to be involved in gene expression.

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mentioning

confidence: 83%

Dna Content and Heterochromatin Variations in Various Tissues of Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea)

Dhillon

Miksche

1982

American J of Botany

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“…It was also demonstrated using different methods that the DNA content in the egg cell nuclei of the species P. sibirica Du Taur exceeds that in a somatic diploid cell by 16 times and is 32C (Ermakov et al, 1981); the DNA contents in the egg cell of Ornithogalum caudatum and Haemanthus albiflos are 4C and 3-4C, respectively (Morozova, 2002). The high DNA content in zygotes of barley and petunia, which gradually decrease during the first zygotic divisions and reach a diploid level at later stages of embryogenesis, is also indirect evidence for chromosome polyteny in the egg cell nuclei (Mericle, & Mericle, 1970;Vallade et al, 1978). The possibility of polytenization during gamete generation in plants was observed in a study conducted on Allium tuberosum (Kojima & Nagato, 1992); it was demonstrated that endoreduplicated meiosis is observed with a frequency of 80% in female gametes but only in 3.9% of male gametes.…”

Section: Plant Polytene Chromosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Polyteny in Plant Epigenetic Variability

Кирикович¹,

Левитес²

2015

EAJ

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This paper discusses the available data on polyteny in plants and data on the structural and functional organization of the plant genome and its role in epigenetic variability and inheritance. Also discussed the results of our studies on marker enzymes in agamospermous (apomictic) progenies of sugar beet, pointing to the influence of chromosome polyteny on the epigenetic variability of enzyme genes and on the ratios of phenotypic classes of marker enzymes. Сomparison of the known with our experimental data enabled the consideration of differential polyteny of plant chromosomes, not only as a factor of epigenetic variability of gene expression, but also as a factor of evolution of the genome structural organization. Polyteny is considered to be an element of the system of recording hereditary information about epigenetic changes arising during ontogenesis.

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“…13,14 The assumed in this hypothesis the diminution of excess copies of the alleles of enzyme genes from cells entering into embryogenesis is based on known facts: decrease of DNA content to 2C during the first embryonic divisions in many plant species. [13][14][15] Mentioned in the hypothesis probable differences in the endoreduplication degree of chromosome allelic sites were well shown on Phaseolus coccineus. 16 This phenomenon logically stands alongside with such phenomenon as differences in the degree of polyteny of non-allelic regions of chromosomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new look at the mechanisms of salutatory changes in living organisms

Ev¹

2017

JIG

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The proposed hypothesis is based on numerous factsThe first of these facts is the effect of colchicine on the phenotypic ratio in an agamospermous progeny. 9,10 This was manifested, for example, in the fact that the processing of sugar beet plants AbstractThere is an attempt to explain some evolutionary processes in plants such as saltatory changes on the base of multidimensionality of plant inherited information coding. According to the suggested hypothesis, inherited information is coded by not only a nucleotide sequence but also by chromosome differential endoreduplication. It is supposed that chromosomes compete among each other for the contact with the nuclear membrane, but a change in the endoreduplication degree of various chromosome sites can result in a change of competition ability for the contact with a nuclear membrane. A simultaneous increase of chromosome endoreduplication degree of many sites can lead to an increase of nuclear membrane surface and to a change in chromosome competitive interrelations and, respectively, to a change of activity of many genes. Phenotypicaly it may manifest itself as a saltatory change of many traits.Citation: Levites EV. A new look at the mechanisms of salutatory changes in living organisms.

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Nuclear DNA complement in young proembryos of barley

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Dna Content and Heterochromatin Variations in Various Tissues of Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea)

Dna Content and Heterochromatin Variations in Various Tissues of Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea)

Role of Polyteny in Plant Epigenetic Variability

A new look at the mechanisms of salutatory changes in living organisms

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