Nuclear district heating plants AST-500. Present status and prospects for future in Russia

Samoilov, O. B.; Kurachenkov, A. V.

doi:10.1016/s0029-5493(97)00087-3

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Single-phase natural circulation is the mode of coolant circulation in the current pressurized water and heavy water reactors (PWRs and PHWRs) following a pumping power failure. Certain reactor systems like the heating reactors (normally referred to as district heating reactors [1]) and the CAREM PWR [2] use single-phase natural circulation as the normal mode of coolant circulation in the primary system. Two-phase natural circulation systems are extensively used in fossil-fuelled power plants, thermosyphon reboilers, and steam generators including those in nuclear power reactors like PWRs, VVERs, and PHWRs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Loop Diameter on the Steady State and Stability Behaviour of Single-Phase and Two-Phase Natural Circulation Loops

Vijayan

Nayak

Saha

et al. 2008

Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations

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In natural circulation loops, the driving force is usually low as it depends on the riser height which is generally of the order of a few meters. The heat transport capability of natural circulation loops (NCLs) is directly proportional to the flow rate it can generate. With low driving force, the straightforward way to enhance the flow is to reduce the frictional losses. A simple way to do this is to increase the loop diameter which can be easily adopted in pressure tube designs such as the AHWR and the natural circulation boilers employed in fossil-fuelled power plants. Further, the loop diameter also plays an important role on the stability behavior. An extensive experimental and theoretical investigation of the effect of loop diameter on the steady state and stability behavior of single- and two-phase natural circulation loops have been carried out and the results of this study are presented in this paper.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Loop Diameter on the Steady State and Stability Behaviour of Single-Phase and Two-Phase Natural Circulation Loops

Vijayan

Nayak

Saha

et al. 2008

Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations

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“…In Russia, the analysis code for built-in steam-gas pressurizer, GARRIC, was developed to investigate the characteristics of steam-gas pressurizer and the distribution of the noncondensable gas (Falkov et al, 2004). It has been verified with the results from separate and integral effect tests and used for the design of AST-500 (Samoilov et al, 1997) which is an integral type reactor for district heating. The experiment on the pressure behavior of steam-gas pressurizer during the insurge was performed at Massachusetts Institute of Technology to investigate the effect of noncondensable gas (Leonard, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Development of nonequilibrium pressurizer model with noncondensable gas

Kim

Park

2006

Nuclear Engineering and Design

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“…In the U.S., combined heat and power could potentially provide 20% of U.S. electricity by 2030, reducing CO2 emissions by 0.8 gigatons annually (28).…”

Section: Text Boxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combined heat and power systems in large buildings can cost-effectively provide electricity and heat (39). In the U.S., combined heat and power could potentially provide 20% of U.S. electricity by 2030, reducing CO 2 emissions by 0.8 Gton annually (28).…”

Section: Some Other Gigaton Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combined heat and power systems in large buildings can cost-effectively provide electricity and heat . In the U.S., combined heat and power could potentially provide 20% of U.S. electricity by 2030, reducing CO 2 emissions by 0.8 Gton annually . • Use of biomass to produce combined heat and power is more efficient than use of biomass to provide electricity or heat alone . Some utilities are converting old coal-fired power plants to combust biomass.…”

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Gigaton Problems Need Gigaton Solutions

Crittenden

Chen

et al. 2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Numerous challenges have been identified as critical for sustainability, including population growth, access to energy and resources, climate change, biodiversity decreases, and widespread poverty.Governments, industry, researchers, and advocates have proposed and begun to implement a range of actions and policies designed to tackle these challenges. Many of these practices are helpful for approaching sustainability, but their contributions typically do not match the scale of the challenges they aim to tackle. For example, recently the City of Pittsburgh announced plans to spend $24 million to replace 40,000 of its existing street lights with LED lights. This project is estimated to eliminate 17,853 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per year (1), which of course is very helpful. However, this is only an approximately 0.7% reduction in the total CO2 emitted by the City (2). Although replacing street lights is likely to save the City money, such a small reduction in CO2 emissions contributes little to solving the challenge of climate change. That investment is probably better spent on educating people about how to save energy in their daily lives, such as by turning computers off when leaving their offices, which will have a larger impact at the City's scale. To meaningfully address climate change and other challenges, society needs a clear understanding of the magnitude of those challenges, and to match its actions to the scale of the problem.

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Nuclear district heating plants AST-500. Present status and prospects for future in Russia

Cited by 18 publications

References 1 publication

Effect of Loop Diameter on the Steady State and Stability Behaviour of Single-Phase and Two-Phase Natural Circulation Loops

Effect of Loop Diameter on the Steady State and Stability Behaviour of Single-Phase and Two-Phase Natural Circulation Loops

Development of nonequilibrium pressurizer model with noncondensable gas

Gigaton Problems Need Gigaton Solutions

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