Nuclear Distribution of the Chromatin-Remodeling Protein ATRX in Mouse Early Embryos during Normal Development and Developmental Arrest In Vitro

Abstract

The chromatin-remodeling protein ATRX, which is currently recognized as one of the key genome caretakers, plays an important role in oogenesis and early embryogenesis in mammals. ATRX distribution in the nuclei of mouse embryos developing in vivo and in vitro, including when the embryos are arrested at the two-cell stage—the so-called two-cell block in vitro—was studied using immunofluorescent labeling and FISH. In normally developing two- and four-cell embryos, ATRX was found to be closely colocalized with pericentromeric DNA sequences detected with a probe to the mouse major satellite DNA. The association of ATRX with pericentromeric heterochromatin is mediated by nuclear actin and reduced after the treatment of embryos with latrunculin B. When culturing embryos in vitro, the distribution pattern of ATRX changes, leading to a decrease in the association of this protein with major satellite DNA especially under the two-cell block in vitro. Taken together, our data suggest that the intranuclear distribution of ATRX reflects the viability of mouse embryos and their probability of successful preimplantation development.