Nuclear desalination in Iran, current status and perspectives

Ghazaie, Seyed Hadi; Sadeghi, Khashayar; Sokolova, Ekaterina; Fedorovich, E. D.; Shirani, Amir Saeed

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/201914004001

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The radioactive toxic waste is dumped into the oceans, where it will remain a potential biological hazard for (almost) indefinitely. As a result, exploitation could never be circular, in which sustainable practices are neutral and do not pose a long-term risk" [18,19].…”

Section: G) Pink Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Hydrogen as a Potential Solution for Reducing Carbon Emissions: A Review

Elshafei¹,

Mansour²

2023

JENRR

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Hydrogen is one of the types of energy discovered in recent decades, which is based on the electrolysis of water in order to separate hydrogen from oxygen. These include grey hydrogen, black hydrogen, blue hydrogen, yellow hydrogen, turquoise hydrogen, and green hydrogen. Generally, hydrogen can be extracted from a variety of sources, including fossil fuels and biomass, water, or a combination of the two. Green hydrogen has the potential to be a critical enabler of the global transition to sustainable energy and zero-emissions economies. Worldwide, there is unprecedented momentum to realize hydrogen's long-standing potential as a clean energy solution. Green hydrogen is a carbon-free fuel and the source of its production is water, and the production processes witness the separation of its molecules from its oxygen counterpart in the water by electricity generated from renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy. Green hydrogen is one of the most important sources of clean energy, which may be why it is called green hydrogen. It is a clean source of energy, and its generation is based on renewable energy sources, so no carbon gases are released during its production. Green hydrogen produced by water electrolysis becomes a promising and tangible solution for the storage of excess energy for power generation and grid balancing, as well as the production of decarbonized fuel for transportation, heating, and other applications, as we shift away from fossil fuels and toward renewable energies. Green hydrogen is being produced in countries all over the world because it is one of the solutions to reducing carbon emissions, and it is clean, environmentally friendly energy that is derived from clean renewable energy. However, due to the combination of renewable generation and low-carbon fuels, projects for the production of green hydrogen are very expensive. The goal of this review is to highlight the various types of hydrogen, with a focus on the more practical green hydrogen.

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Section: G) Pink Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Hydrogen as a Potential Solution for Reducing Carbon Emissions: A Review

Elshafei¹,

Mansour²

2023

JENRR

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“…Multi-stage flash (MSF) and multi-effect distillation (MED) can be regarded as the most popular thermal technologies [4]. MSF was the dominant distillation process during the 1980s to the 1990s because of its acceptable technical and operational quality as well as its availability throughout its lifetime [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For all the stated reasons, the obtained freshwater costs from thermal desalination units will be competitive with those produced by RO technology. In this paper, while the authors refer to their earlier works [4,6,[20][21][22][23][24][25], the focus is different, since the design process is applied to small CHP power plants intended for off-grid applications. In the next section, the proposed system is presented and deeply described, while in the following part of this paper, some economic analysis is presented in order to evaluate the cost of produced water.…”

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confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Hybrid Desalination Plants Coupled with Small Gas Turbine CHP Systems

et al. 2022

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Nowadays, several technologies for desalination processes are available and widely employed. However, they consume a considerable amount of energy and involve high capital and operating costs. Therefore, the techno-economic analysis of a system coupling different energy sources with the desalination processes is of value. The possibility of coupling a small gas turbine combined heat and power system (GT CHP) with hybrid desalination plants (HDPs) has been assessed in this study. The proposed gas turbine power generation system, based on a single-stage centrifugal compressor and an uncooled centripetal turbine, provides design simplicity and reasonable installation costs for the power generating plant. The hybrid desalination technique, based on the use of two different desalination technologies, i.e., Reverse Osmosis (RO) and a thermal desalination process, has been chosen to better exploit the electrical and thermal energy produced by the mini CHP plant. The proposed solution is numerically investigated from both thermodynamic and economic points of view, and the results of the thermodynamic analysis of the cycle are used as input for the evaluation of the amount of freshwater produced and of costs. The economic assessment of standalone desalination systems is also shown for the comparison with the hybrid solutions here proposed. Results show that the total cost of the water produced by MED + RO was less than the total cost of the water obtained by MSF + RO, and that the energy cost of MED + RO hybrid desalination system was about 15% less than that for stand-alone RO desalination technology. Thus, the MED + RO hybrid desalination system can be considered a promising solution for the coupling with the proposed mini GT CHP plant, which, due to the small size and cost, as well as the easy installation, can be easily applied in off-grid or remote areas.

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“…A comprehensive techno-economic analysis of the hybrid desalination technologies integrated into a VVER type nuclear reactor was carried out in 2020, in which a new economic calculation algorithm was introduced to evaluate several hybrid desalination processes [5]. Other related previously published research is addressed elsewhere [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a tool for economic assessment, the newly introduced algorithm and developed software, Techno-Economic Analysis of Nuclear Desalination (TEAND), was utilized in the previous study [5]. While the previously published articles by authors [5,12,13,19,20] provide results of technical and economic analyses of large-scale nuclear-powered desalination systems, the present article focuses on a comprehensive thermo-economic assessment of the SMR integration to the hybrid large-scale desalination plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Hybrid Desalination Technologies Powered by SMR

et al. 2020

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Small modular reactors (SMRs) represent a key area of interest to nuclear industry developers, which have been making significant progress during the past few years. Generally, these reactors are promising owing to their improved safety due to passive systems, enhanced containment efficiency, and fewer capital costs in comparison to traditional nuclear reactors. An important advantage of SMRs is their adaptability in being coupled to other energy-consuming systems, such as desalination plants (DPs) to create a cogeneration plant. Considering the serious challenges regarding the freshwater shortage in many regions of the world and the necessity of using low-carbon energy sources, it is advantageous to use SMR for supplying the required heat and electricity of DPs. As a high-performance desalination technology, the hybrid desalination (HD) systems can be exploited, which retain the advantages of both thermal and membrane desalination methods. In this study, several SMR coupling schemes to HD plants have been suggested. In performing a thermodynamic analysis of integrated SMR-DP, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Desalination Thermodynamic Optimization Program (DE-TOP) has been utilized. It has been found that the use of relatively hot water from the SMR condenser leads to about 6.5 to 7.5% of total desalination cost reduction, where the produced electricity and hot steam extracted from low-pressure turbine were used to drive the HD system.

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Nuclear desalination in Iran, current status and perspectives

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Green Hydrogen as a Potential Solution for Reducing Carbon Emissions: A Review

Green Hydrogen as a Potential Solution for Reducing Carbon Emissions: A Review

Feasibility of Hybrid Desalination Plants Coupled with Small Gas Turbine CHP Systems

Comparative Analysis of Hybrid Desalination Technologies Powered by SMR

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