Nuclear and materials aspects of the thorium fuel cycle

Rodríguez, P.; Sundaram, C.V.

doi:10.1016/0022-3115(81)90534-1

Cited by 63 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The CTE value of ThO 2 -20%UO 2 pellet measured in the temperature range 200-1000°C was found to be 9.16 · 10 À6 K À1 . A number of authors [34][35][36][37][38] have measured CTE of Th 1Ày U y O 2 for a wide range of compositions. It has been found that CTE's of Th 1Ày U y O 2 lie between those of ThO 2 and UO 2 , within experimental accuracy.…”

Section: Thermal Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of CAP process for fabrication of ThO2–UO2 fuels Part II: Characterization and property evaluation

Kutty

Kulkarni

Sengupta

et al. 2008

Journal of Nuclear Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Thermal Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of CAP process for fabrication of ThO2–UO2 fuels Part II: Characterization and property evaluation

Kutty

Kulkarni

Sengupta

et al. 2008

Journal of Nuclear Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Similar compilations of a large number of compounds, in particular interest to geology or mineralogy, are also available in other literatures [85][86][87][88][89]. Data for a large number of fluorite and fluorite-related compounds having relevance to nuclear or fuel cell technology have also been extensively reported in the literature [7,[95][96][97][98]. More commonly, the thermal expansion data were collected at ambient pressure, that is, 1 atm.…”

Section: Positive and Negative Thermal Expansionsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Diffraction and Thermal Expansion of Solids

Tyagi

Achary

2010

Thermodynamic Properties of Solids

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thermal expansion of materials is a topic of age-old interest to mankind in view of the chronological development of several devices and technologies [1,2]. The concept of thermal expansion and knowledge of thermal expansion coefficient of materials remain important for any structural materials experiencing a temperature gradient. The structural materials include any material used in technology to build a mechanically or electronically integrated physical entity. In particular, the thermal properties are of interest when any structural assembly faces a temperature variation. Thermal expansion effects have been well considered right from the metals and ceramic parts of cookwares to the highly sophisticated mechanical structures, such as buildings, bridges, air/spacecraft, vessels, kilns, furnaces, and so on. In particular, metals such as steel, copper, and so on that are important structural parts show a significant expansion with temperature. Thus, in all these materials, thermal expansion was exploited either to enhance or to nullify any temperature-induced dimensional instability, for example, the utilization of thermal expansion in automatic cut-off switch using bimetals is well known. The discovery of Invar (an alloy of 35% Ni and 65% Fe) and subsequent modified compositions as Elinvar, Kovar, Alnico, and so on have found immense applications in modern technologies, such as design of high-accuracy clocks, shadow mask in television screen, and so on [3]. In addition, low thermal expansion in fused silica and controllable thermal expansion in materials with glass and glass-ceramic compositions have been discovered and used in precise optical instruments, mirror substrates, glass-metal junctions [4,5]. A large number of crystalline materials with low thermal expansion are also discovered [6]. Thermal expansion data of ceramics have been a prime consideration in the designing of electrolyte and electrodes of solid oxide fuel cells [7]. Similarly, thermal expansion data of nuclear fuel materials are significant in preventing detrimental effects of fuel-clad interaction and unwanted swelling of fuel pins [8]. Nuclear reactor performance is mainly restricted by the thermal expansion and thermal conductivity of the fuel pellets under irradiation conditions. In these j197 applications, the material property is more significant than the structural assembly and hence the structural materials are tuned as per their thermal expansion behavior. However, the thermal expansion behavior of electronic materials causing temperature-induced dimensional instability leading to circuit failure also needs to be dealt with. Considering such aspects, several Invar-type alloys and metal matrix composites are developed in recent years [9]. Thus, the thermal expansion data of any material are the first requisite for the development of most of the technologies.In general, it is known that all materials expand or contract with the rise or fall of temperature. The thermal expansion of any material is explained as a relative change in dimens...

show abstract

“…Rodriguez and Sundaram [16] reviewed the nuclear and materials aspects of the thorium fuel cycle. The Indian perspective of thorium fuel cycles hinges on the scarcity of uranium and abundance of thorium in the country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ThO<sub>2</sub> and (U,Th)O<sub>2</sub> processing—A review

Balakrishna¹

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

India is one of the few countries committed to expansion of nuclear power. In view of the abundance of thorium relative to uranium, thorium cycle is under serious development and implementation. Both ThO 2 and (U,Th)O 2 are used. Fine powders of the same are mostly prepared through the aqueous chemical route, pressed and sintered. Extrusion and hot impact densification are also being used. Sol-gel method and other alternatives are also being pursued with the advantage of automation and remote operation. Relevant papers on the thorium cycle with emphasis on processing methods and related aspects are reviewed here.

show abstract

Nuclear and materials aspects of the thorium fuel cycle

Cited by 63 publications

References 36 publications

Development of CAP process for fabrication of ThO2–UO2 fuels Part II: Characterization and property evaluation

Development of CAP process for fabrication of ThO2–UO2 fuels Part II: Characterization and property evaluation

Diffraction and Thermal Expansion of Solids

ThO<sub>2</sub> and (U,Th)O<sub>2</sub> processing—A review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Nuclear and materials aspects of the thorium fuel cycle

Cited by 63 publications

References 36 publications

Development of CAP process for fabrication of ThO2–UO2 fuels Part II: Characterization and property evaluation

Development of CAP process for fabrication of ThO2–UO2 fuels Part II: Characterization and property evaluation

Diffraction and Thermal Expansion of Solids

ThO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and (U,Th)O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; processing—A review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

ThO<sub>2</sub> and (U,Th)O<sub>2</sub> processing—A review