NTP-CERHR Expert Panel Report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of 2-bromopropane

Abstract

PrefaceThe National Toxicology Program (NTP) and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) established the NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR) in June 1998. The purpose of the CERHR is to provide timely, unbiased, scientifically sound evaluations of human and experimental evidence for adverse effects on reproduction, including development, caused by agents to which humans may be exposed.2-Bromopropane (2-BP) was nominated by NIOSH and selected for evaluation by the CERHR based primarily on documented evidence of worker exposures and published evidence of reproductive toxicity in both rodents and humans. In the US, 2-BP is a contaminant (<0.1%) of 1-bromopropane which is used in spray adhesives and as a precision cleaner and degreaser. 2-BP may also be used as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceutical dyes and other organic chemicals. In Asia 2-BP has been used as a replacement for chlorofluorocarbons and 1,1,1-trichloroethane.The evaluation of 2-BP was a 4-month effort by a 9-member panel of academic, private, and government scientists that culminated in a public meeting in December 2001. At that meeting, the expert panel reviewed the scientific evidence on 2-BP and reached conclusions ଝ This report is prepared according to the Guidelines for CERHR Panel Members established by NTP/NIEHS. The guidelines are available from the CERHR web site (http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov/). The format for Expert Panel Reports includes synopses of studies reviewed, followed by an evaluation of the strengths/weaknesses and utility (adequacy) of the study for a CERHR evaluation. Statements and conclusions made under strengths/weaknesses and utility evaluations are those of the Expert Panel and are prepared according to the NTP/NIEHS guidelines. In addition, the panel often makes comments or notes limitations in the synopses of the study. Bold, square brackets are used to enclose such statements. As discussed in the guidelines, square brackets are used to enclose key items of information not provided in a publication, limitations noted in the study, conclusions that differ from authors, and conversions or analyses of data conducted by the panel.Correspondence to shelby@niehs.nih.gov (M. Shelby). regarding its potential effects on human reproduction. The background information on 2-BP and findings of the expert panel are contained within this report. The Expert Panel Report on 2-bromopropane is intended to (1) interpret the strength of scientific evidence that a given exposure or exposure circumstance may pose a hazard to reproduction and the health and welfare of children; (2) provide objective and scientifically thorough assessments of the scientific evidence that adverse reproductive/developmental health effects are associated with exposure to specific chemicals or classes of chemicals, including descriptions of any uncertainties that would diminish confidence in assessment of risks; and (3) identify knowledge gaps to help establish research and testing priorities. Staff ...

Melatonin pretreatment attenuates 2-bromopropane-induced testicular toxicity in rats

“…Tel. : +86 551 5167726; fax: +86 551 5161171. in male rats (Kim et al, 1996;Takeuchi et al, 1997;Ichihara et al, 1997;Yu et al, 2001;Boekelheide et al, 2004). Furthermore, 2-BP has been reported also recently to induce oxidative DNA damage, impair functional antioxidant cellular defence, and enhance lipid peroxidation (LPO) in cultured Leydig cells (Wu et al, 2002).…”

Role of glutathione conjugation in the hepatotoxicity and immunotoxicity induced by 1‐bromopropane in female BALB/c mice

“…1-Bromopropane (1-BP) is widely used as a substitute for chlorofluorocarbons that destroy the ozone layer (Boekelheide et al, 2004). 1-BP has many industrial applications for cleaning metals, optical instruments and electronics, and as a component in adhesives.…”

Role of Metabolism In 1-Bromopropane-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice

“…Each value represents the relative percent area under the curve of 1000 mg/kg of 1-BP alone ± SE of five animals. Mean levels with different letters are significantly different at p < .05. flavors, as well as a solvent for fats, waxes, or resins (Boekelheide et al, 2004), 1-BP has become a health concern based upon recent toxicity studies, particularly on the central nervous system and reproductive system (Yu et al, 1998;Ichihara et al, 2000;Wang et al, 2002Wang et al, , 2003.…”