NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di-isodecyl phthalate

Occupational exposure to diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) in polyvinyl chloride processing operations

“…68575-48-0 and 28553-12-0) is a complex commercial mixture of mainly nine carbon branched-chain dialkyl phthalate isomers. It is used primarily as a plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products such as flooring, wire and cable coatings, coated fabrics, and gloves (Kavlock et al 2002). DiNP is used as a replacement for di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in some PVC products (TURI 2006).…”

“…In feeding studies, DiNP produces liver tumors in rats and mice, kidney tumors in rats, and mononuclear cell leukemia in rats (Kaufmann et al 2002;Kavlock et al 2002;Lington et al 1997). The modes of action for the observed neoplastic effects in rodents may not be relevant to humans (Klaunig et al 2003;Kavlock et al 2002).…”

“…In feeding studies, DiNP produces liver tumors in rats and mice, kidney tumors in rats, and mononuclear cell leukemia in rats (Kaufmann et al 2002;Kavlock et al 2002;Lington et al 1997). The modes of action for the observed neoplastic effects in rodents may not be relevant to humans (Klaunig et al 2003;Kavlock et al 2002). For example, peroxisome proliferation, a likely mode of action for liver tumors in mice, was not observed when DiNP was administered by gavage to monkeys (Pugh et al 2000;Hall et al 1999).…”

“…An expert panel convened by the U.S. National Toxicology Program to review the reproductive and developmental toxicity of DiNP concluded that the potential health effects of DiNP exposure in unborn children could not be judged ''due to the lack of toxicology data following inhalation exposures and the lack of occupational exposure information'' (Kavlock et al 2002). The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a pilot study in 2003-2005 to screen occupational populations for exposure to diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and DEHP using urinary phthalate metabolites as exposure biomarkers (Hines et al 2009).…”

Urinary metabolites of diisodecyl phthalate in rats

“…DiDP displays volatility resistance, heat stability and electric insulation. These properties make it suitable as a plasticizer for heat-resistant electrical cords, leather for car interiors, and PVC flooring (CERHR, 2000;Kavlock et al, 2002). Exposure to DiDP originates from multiple sources and occurs through various routes, including ingestion and dermal absorption (Wormuth et al, 2006).…”