The
aim of this paper is to quantify the changes of the interionic
and ion–solvent interactions in mixtures of imidazolium-based
ionic liquids, having tetrafluoroborate (BmimBF4), hexafluorophosphate
(BmimPF6), trifluoromethylsulfonate (BmimTFO), or bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide
(BmimTFSI), anions, and polar aprotic molecular solvents, such as
acetonitrile (AN), γ-butyrolactone (GBL), and propylene carbonate
(PC). For this purpose, we calculate, using the nearest-neighbor approach,
the average distance between the imidazolium ring H atom in positions
2, 4, and 5 (H2,4,5) and the nearest high-electronegativity
atom of the solvent or anion (X) as distance descriptors, and the
mean angle formed by the C2,4,5–H2,4,5 bond and the H2,4,5···X axis around the
H2,4,5 atom as angular descriptors of the cation–anion
and cation–solvent interactions around the ring C–H
groups. The behavior of these descriptors as a function of the ionic
liquid mole fraction is analyzed in detail. The obtained results show
that the extent of the change of these descriptors with respect to
their values in the neat ionic liquid depends both on the nature of
the anion and on the mixture composition. Thus, in the case of the
mixtures of the molecular solvents with BmimBF4 and BmimTFO,
a small change of the distance and a drastic increase of the angular
descriptor corresponding to the cation–anion interactions are
observed with decreasing mole fraction of the ionic liquid, indicating
that the anion moves from the above/below position (with respect to
the imidazolium ring plane) to a position that is nearly linearly
aligned with the C2–H2 bond and hinders
the possible interaction between the C2–H2 group and the solvent molecules. On the other hand, in the case
of mixtures of BmimTFSI and BmimPF6 with the molecular
solvents, both the observed increase of the distance descriptor and
the slight change of the angular descriptor with decreasing ionic
liquid mole fraction are compatible with the direct interactions of
the solvent with the C2–H2 group. The
behavior of these descriptors is correlated with the experimentally
observed 1H chemical shift of the C2–H2 group and the red shift of the C2–H2 vibrational mode, particularly at low ionic liquid mole fractions.
The present results are thus of great help in interpreting these experimental
observations.