NSP-interacting kinase, NIK: a transducer of plant defence signalling

Santos, Anésia A.; Lopes, Kêmelly Athla da Silva; Condori-Apfata, Jorge A.; Fontes, Elizabeth P. B.

doi:10.1093/jxb/erq219

Cited by 75 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…LRR-RLKs regulate a wide range of plant growth and development, including meristem development [59, 60], secondary growth [61], microsporogenesis and embryogenesis [62]. Besides, some LRR-RLKs mediated plant resistance against bacterial [63, 64] or viral pathogens [65, 66]. In this study, 71 LRR-RLKs genes were identified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis of Nicotiana benthamiana infected by Tobacco curly shoot virus

et al. 2018

Virol J

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BackgroundTobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV) is a monopartite begomovirus associated with betasatellite (Tobacco curly shoot betasatellite, TbCSB), which causes serious leaf curl disease on tomato and tobacco in China. It is interesting that TbCSV induced severe upward leaf curling in Nicotiana benthamiana, but in the presence of TbCSB, symptoms changed to be downward leaf curling. However, the mechanism of interactions between viral pathogenicity, host defense, viral-betasatellite interactions and virus-host interactions remains unclear.MethodsIn this study, RNA-seq was used to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in N. benthamiana plants infected by TbCSV (Y35A) and TbCSV together with TbCSB (Y35AB) respectively.ResultsThrough mapping to N. benthamiana reference genome, 59,814 unigenes were identified. Transcriptome analysis revealed that a total of 4081 and 3196 DEGs were identified in Y35AB vs CK (control check) and Y35A vs CK, respectively. Both GO and KEGG analyses were conducted to classify the DEGs. Ten of the top 15 GO terms were enriched in both DEGs of Y35AB vs CK and Y35A vs CK, and these enriched GO terms mainly classified into three categories including biological process, cellular component and molecular function. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that 118 and 111 pathways were identified in Y35AB vs CK and Y35A vs CK, respectively, of which nine and six pathways were significantly enriched. Three major pathways in Y35AB vs CK involved in metabolic pathways, carbon metabolism and photosynthesis, while those in Y35A vs CK were related to Ribosome, Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism and DNA replication. We observed that 8 PR genes were significantly up-regulated and 44 LRR-RLK genes were significantly differentially expressed in Y35A treatment or in Y35AB treatment. In addition, 7 and 13 genes were identified to be significantly changed in biosynthesis and signal transduction pathway of brassinosteroid (BR) and jasmonic acid (JA) respectively.ConclusionsThese results presented here would be particularly useful to further elucidate the response of the host plant against virus infection.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-018-1044-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis of Nicotiana benthamiana infected by Tobacco curly shoot virus

et al. 2018

Virol J

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“…The latter may involve MP ToMV interacting with the transcription factors KELP and MBF1 (47,48). The nuclear shuttle movement protein NSP encoded by the geminivirus Cabbage leaf curl virus, which transports viral genomes between the nucleus and cytoplasm, can interact with plasma membrane receptor-like kinases to suppress host defense (49,50). It also redirects a host nuclear acetyltransferase to regulate genome encapsidation versus nuclear export, which may reprogram cells to support virus replication as well (51,52).…”

Section: Mpmentioning

confidence: 99%

The TobamovirusTurnip Vein Clearing Virus30-Kilodalton Movement Protein Localizes to Novel Nuclear Filaments To Enhance Virus Infection

Levy

Zheng

Lazarowitz

2013

J Virol

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Plant viruses overcome the barrier of the plant cell wall by encoding cell-to-cell movement proteins (MPs), which direct newly replicated viral genomes to, and across, the wall. The paradigm for how a single MP regulates and coordinates these activities is the Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) 30-kDa protein (MP TMV ). Detailed studies demonstrate that TMV multiplies exclusively in the cytoplasm and have documented associations of MP TMV with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, microtubules, and plasmodesmata throughout the course of infection. As TMV poorly infects Arabidopsis thaliana, Turnip vein clearing virus (TVCV) is the tobamovirus of choice for studies in this model plant. A key problem, which has contributed to confusion in the field, is the unproven assumption that the TVCV and TMV life cycles are identical. We engineered an infectious TVCV replicon that expressed a functional fluorescence-tagged MP TVCV and report here the unexpected discovery that MP TVCV , beyond localizing to ER membrane and plasmodesmata, targeted to the nucleus in a nuclear localization signal (NLS)-dependent manner, where it localized to novel F-actin-containing filaments that associated with chromatin. The MP TVCV NLS appeared to be conserved in the subgroup 3 tobamoviruses, and our mutational analyses showed that nuclear localization of MP TVCV was necessary for efficient TVCV cell-to-cell movement and systemic infection in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana. Our studies identify a novel nuclear stage in TVCV infection and suggest that nuclear MP encoded by TVCV and other subgroup 3 tobamoviruses interacts with F-actin and chromatin to modulate host defenses or cellular physiology to favor virus movement and infection.

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“…Recently, R gene-mediated resistance has been proposed as another essential defense strategy against geminiviruses. For example, the begomovirus nuclear shuttle protein (NSP)-interacting kinase 1 (NIK1) is able to activate antiviral immunity against cabbage leaf curl virus (CaLCuV) (25,26). Besides the above-mentioned defense mechanisms, host factors such as SNF1-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) have also been involved in defense against geminiviruses (27)(28)(29).…”

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confidence: 99%

Mimic Phosphorylation of a βC1 Protein Encoded by TYLCCNB Impairs Its Functions as a Viral Suppressor of RNA Silencing and a Symptom Determinant

Zhong

Wang

Xiao

et al. 2017

J Virol

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Phosphorylation of the ␤C1 protein encoded by the betasatellite of tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNB-␤C1) by SNF1-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) plays a critical role in defense of host plants against geminivirus infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. However, how phosphorylation of TYLCCNB-␤C1 impacts its pathogenic functions during viral infection remains elusive. In this study, we identified two additional tyrosine residues in TYLCCNB-␤C1 that are phosphorylated by SnRK1. The effects of TYLCCNB-␤C1 phosphorylation on its functions as a viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) and a symptom determinant were investigated via phosphorylation mimic mutants in N. benthamiana plants. Mutations that mimic phosphorylation of TYLCCNB-␤C1 at tyrosine 5 and tyrosine 110 attenuated disease symptoms during viral infection. The phosphorylation mimics weakened the ability of TYLCCNB-␤C1 to reverse transcriptional gene silencing and to suppress posttranscriptional gene silencing and abolished its interaction with N. benthamiana ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 1 in N. benthamiana leaves. The mimic phosphorylation of TYLCCNB-␤C1 had no impact on its protein stability, subcellular localization, or self-association. Our data establish an inhibitory effect of phosphorylation of TYLCCNB-␤C1 on its pathogenic functions as a VSR and a symptom determinant and provide a mechanistic explanation of how SnRK1 functions as a host defense factor. IMPORTANCE Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV), which causes a severe yellow leaf curl disease in China, is a monopartite geminivirus associated with the betasatellite (TYLCCNB). TYLCCNB encodes a single pathogenicity protein, ␤C1 (TYLCCNB-␤C1), which functions as both a viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) and a symptom determinant. Here, we show that mimicking phosphorylation of TYLCCNB-␤C1 weakens its ability to reverse transcriptional gene silencing, to suppress posttranscriptional gene silencing, and to interact with N. benthamiana ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 1. To our knowledge, this is the first report establishing an inhibitory effect of phosphorylation of TYLCCNB-␤C1 on its pathogenic functions as both a VSR and a symptom determinant and to provide a mechanistic explanation of how SNF1-related protein kinase 1 acts as a host defense factor. These findings expand the scope of phosphorylation-mediated defense mechanisms and contribute to further understanding of plant defense mechanisms against geminiviruses.KEYWORDS TYLCCNB-␤C1, Nicotiana benthamiana, SnRK1, geminivirus, host defense factor, posttranscriptional gene silencing, protein phosphorylation, transcriptional gene silencing

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NSP-interacting kinase, NIK: a transducer of plant defence signalling

Cited by 75 publications

References 44 publications

Transcriptome analysis of Nicotiana benthamiana infected by Tobacco curly shoot virus

Transcriptome analysis of Nicotiana benthamiana infected by Tobacco curly shoot virus

The TobamovirusTurnip Vein Clearing Virus30-Kilodalton Movement Protein Localizes to Novel Nuclear Filaments To Enhance Virus Infection

Mimic Phosphorylation of a βC1 Protein Encoded by TYLCCNB Impairs Its Functions as a Viral Suppressor of RNA Silencing and a Symptom Determinant

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