NS-2 based simulation framework for cognitive radio sensor networks

Bukhari, Syed Hashim Raza; Siraj, Sajid; Rehmani, Mubashir Husain

doi:10.1007/s11276-016-1418-5

Cited by 20 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…AGILE [40] tunes the node central frequency and bandwidth to the under utilized WLAN spectrum to use it for unlicensed operations. Earlier, we have incorporated the CRSN capabilities in NS-2 [41]. We have now thoroughly tested the proposed scheme by simulating it in NS-2.…”

Section: A Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remaining idle time aware intelligent channel bonding schemes for cognitive radio sensor networks

2018

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Channel Bonding (CB) is a technique used to provide larger bandwidth to users. It has been applied to various networks such as wireless local area networks (WLANs), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs), and Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks (CRSNs). The implementation of CB in CRSNs needs special attention as Primary Radio (PR) nodes traffic must be protected from any harmful interference by Cognitive Radio (CR) sensor nodes. On the other hand, CR sensor nodes need to communicate without interruption to meet their data rate requirements and conserve energy. If CR nodes perform frequent channel switching due to PR traffic then it will be difficult to meet their quality of service (QoS) and data rate requirements. So, CR nodes need to select those channels which are stable. By stable, we mean those channels which having less PR activity or long remaining idle time and cause less harmful interference to PR nodes. In this paper, we propose two approaches Remaining Idle Time aware intelligent Channel Bonding (RITCB) and Remaining Idle Time aware Intelligent Channel Bonding with Interference Prevention (RITCB-IP) for cognitive radio sensor networks which select stable channels for CB which have longest remaining idle time. We compare our approaches with four schemes such as Primary radio user activity aware channel bonding scheme (PRACB), Sample width algorithm (SWA), Cognitive radio network over white spaces (KNOWS) and AGILE. Simulation results show that our proposed approaches RITCB and RITCB-IP decrease harmful interference (HIR) and increases the life time of cognitive radio sensor nodes. Index Terms-Channel bonding; cognitive radio; dynamic spectrum access; wireless sensor networks; channel switching; primary user activity; remaining idle time. 1 We use the term CR nodes and CRSN nodes for the same types of nodes throughout the manuscript and they are used interchangeably.

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Section: A Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remaining idle time aware intelligent channel bonding schemes for cognitive radio sensor networks

2018

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“…They are event-based discrete simulators, written mainly in the C++ language [20], and NS has multiple network protocols implemented in different layers (TCP, DSP, FTP, etc.). Due to the open-source philosophy, the NS series of simulators contain multiple configurations and extensions proposed to allow more or better simulations in several specific scenarios [21][22][23].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

ViTool-BC: Visualization Tool Based on Cooja Simulator for WSN

Molinares

Acevedo

2021

Applied Sciences

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Evaluation and monitoring of wireless sensor networks (WSN) and the parameters defining their operations and design, such as energy consumption, latency, and stability, is a complex task due to interaction with real devices. For greater control of these variables, the use of simulators arises as an alternative. Cooja is a WSN simulator/emulator which handles the devices’ controllers and multiple communication protocol implementations, such as RPL (RPL is one of the most used protocol in IoT). However, Cooja does not consider either the implementation of an energy model (it has infinite energy consumption) nor the visual behavior of the topology construction, although these aspects are crucial for effective network analysis and decision taking. This paper presents the design and the implementation of ViTool-BC, a software built on top of Cooja, which allows the creation of different energy estimation models and also to visualize in real time the behavior of WSN topology construction. In addition, ViTool-BC offers a heat map of energy consumption traces. Therefore, this tool helps researchers to monitor in real time the topology construction, node disconnection, and battery depletion, aspects to be considered in the analysis of the available routing protocols in Cooja.

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